(5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide  NAFLD  Lipid synthesis  Fatty acids oxidation  Fat deposition  

IR  insulin resistance  WT  wild type  KO  knockout  TG  transgenic  NTG  non-transgenic  NC  normal chow  HFD  high-fat diet  PPARα  peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha  ECM  extracellular matrix  NL  normal liver  NAFLD  non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  H&E  hematoxylin and eosin  ALT  alanine transaminase  AST  aspartate transaminase  ALP  alkaline phosphatase  HMGCR  3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase  LDL  low density lipoprotein  HDL  high density lipoprotein  LDLR  low-density lipoprotein receptor  GPAT  glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase  DGAT  diglyceride acyltransferase  FFA  free fatty acid  SREBP1c  sterol response element binding protein 1c  ACC  acetyl-CoA carboxylase  FAS  fatty acid synthase  SCD  stearoyl-CoA desaturase  LXR-α  liver X receptor-α  ARG-1  arginase-1  ABCA  ATP-binding cassette transporter A  ABCG  ATP-binding cassette transporter G  CYP7A1  cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily A, polypeptide 1  AMPK  AMP-activated protein kinase  IL  interleukin  TNF-α  tumor necrosis factor alpha  MCP-1  monocyte chemoattractant protein 1  MRC1  mannose receptor, C type 1  MGL  macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin  JNK  Jun N-terminal kinase  FBG  fasting glucose  HOMA-IR  homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance  GTT  glucose tolerance test  ITT  intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test  Fins  fasting insulin  shRNA  short hairpin RNA  GFP  green fluorescent protein  IRS  insulin receptor substrate  Akt  protein kinase B  HSL  hormone sensitive lipase  ATGL  adipose triacylglycerol lipase  ACOX  acyl-coenzyme A oxidase  CPT-1α  carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1-α  LCAD  long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase  MCAD  medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase  UCP  uncoupling protein  FGF21  fibroblast growth factor  PPRE  peroxisome proliferators response element  AUC  area under the curve  IKKβ  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase beta subunit  Spondin 2  Fatty liver  Insulin resistance  PPARα