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题名基于DEM的地壳运动模拟系统地形拟合与控制方法研究
作者马庆增
学位类别工学博士
答辩日期2015-05-27
授予单位中国科学院大学
授予地点中国科学院自动化研究所
导师梁自泽
关键词地壳运动模拟系统 同步控制 数字高程模型 随机抽样一致性算法 法向量 地形表面拟合 Crustal movement simulation system Synchronization control Digital elevation model (DEM) Random sample consensus (RANSAC) Normal vector Land surface fitting
其他题名Research on Terrain Fitting and Control for Crustal Movement Simulation System Based on DEM
学位专业控制理论与控制工程
中文摘要在陆地水循环及其地表过程的研究中,地壳运动和构造变形对地表形态的塑造和地貌的演化有着直接的影响,需要对地壳运动过程进行大量的观测和实验。野外观测方式具有很大的局限性,缓慢的地壳运动所需的观测周期非常长,观测急速的地壳运动(如火山喷发、地震等)又十分危险。因此,对于地学科学家来说,在实验室内模拟地壳运动对陆地水循环及其地表过程的影响是十分必要的,特别是地壳构造运动对流域、河道、河口演变的影响。地壳运动模拟系统是一种在实验室环境下模拟地壳运动的实验装置,该装置在探讨流域水循环与地表过程的耦合机理、河型的多角度成因等方面具有重要的理论和实际意义。 本论文结合中国科学院重大科研装备研制项目“陆地表层水土过程地壳运动模拟装置”,针对地壳运动模拟系统中的机械结构设计、四轴并联机构运动学建模与同步控制、地表形态构造方法和地壳板块位姿拟合方法等关键技术进行了研究,完成的主要工作有: 1. 对地壳运动模拟系统的研究背景、意义和国内外发展现状进行了综述。从机械结构设计、地表形态构造方法、地壳板块位姿拟合方法、四轴并联机构控制方法等四个方面对地壳运动模拟系统中的关键技术进行了分析。 2. 分析了地壳运动模拟系统的工作原理,构建了一种由12块地壳板块组成的地壳运动模拟系统。针对单地壳板块的驱动问题,设计了一种四轴并联驱动机构,基于分层递阶控制思想和模块化方法设计了控制系统,为实现高精度、自动化的地壳运动过程模拟奠定了基础。 3. 针对地壳运动模拟系统中并联结构的四轴同步控制问题,建立了四轴并联机构简化运动学分析模型,提出了一种基于模糊规则的四轴同步控制策略,实现了四轴并联机构的同步控制,确保并联机构在运动过程中始终保持四轴上顶点共面,保证地形构造实验的安全稳定运行。 4. 针对地壳运动模拟系统的地表形态构造问题,提出了一种具有良好普适性的基于高精度曲面模型的由等高线构造地表形态的方法,避免了经典的TIN(Triangulated Irregular Networks, 不规则三角网)方法中存在的矩形边界区域数据失真问题,并分析了等高线密度、等高线绘制误差和DEM(Digital Elevation Model, 数字高程模型)格网分辨率等对模拟精度的影响。 5. 针对地壳运动模拟系统的地壳板块拟合问题,分别提出了基于RANSAC(RANdom SAmple Consesus, 随机抽样一致性)算法和基于平均法向量法的地壳板块拟合方法,构建了基于约束条件的最小二乘拟合准则和基于Hausdorff距离的拟合差异评估指标,分析了地形曲面的局部几何形状对地壳板块拟合结果的影响,并对RANSAC算法和平均法向量法的拟合精度进行了实验对比。
英文摘要In the study of water cycle and related land surface processes, crustal movement and tectonic deformation directly affect formation and evolution of landforms. So observing the process of crustal movement is very necessary. However it is very difficult to conduct field survey on slow crustal movement, yet very dangerous to observe rapid crustal movement, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes and so on. Therefore, for geographic scientists, it is very imperative to simulate the effect of crustal movement on water cycle and related land surface processes in the laboratory, especially the influence of tectonic deformation on the basin, the riverway and the estuary. Crustal movement simulation system is an experimental instrument used for simulating crustal movement in a laboratory environment, which is of great theoretical and practical significance in exploring the coupling mechanism of water cycle and land surface processes. This dissertation is initiated and supported by the major scientific equipment development project of Chinese Academy of Sciences “Design of crustal movement simulation device for water cycle and related land surface processes”. The dissertation concentrates on research and development of some key technologies in crustal movement simulation system, including mechanical design, kinematics modeling and synchronization control of four-axis parallel mechanism, terrain reconstruction and crustal plate fitting and so on, the main work and contributions include: 1. The previous research work and implication for crustal movement simulation system are reviewed. The key technologies of crustal movement simulation system are analyzed, including mechanical design, terrain reconstruction, crustal plate fitting, and motion control method and so on. 2. A crustal movement simulation system, consisting of twelve crustal plates, is designed based on the analysis of the working principle of crustal movement simulation device. For the driving problem of single crustal plate, a four-axis parallel driving mechanism is proposed. The control system for the crustal movement simulation system is designed based on hierarchical control structure and modular approaches. 3. A simplified kinematic model for four-axis parallel mechanism is presented and its approximate solutions of forward and inverse kinematics are given. A synchronization control strategy based on fuzzy logic is proposed to make sure that the vertexes of four driving screws always remain ...
语种中文
其他标识符200918014628006
内容类型学位论文
源URL[http://ir.ia.ac.cn/handle/173211/6710]  
专题毕业生_博士学位论文
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
马庆增. 基于DEM的地壳运动模拟系统地形拟合与控制方法研究[D]. 中国科学院自动化研究所. 中国科学院大学. 2015.
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