Adequate patients’ data have always been critical for disease assessment. However, large amounts of patient data are often difficult to collect, especially when patients are required to complete a series of assessment movements. For example, assessing the hand motor function of stroke patients or Parkinson’s patients requires patients to complete a series of evaluation movements, and it is often difficult for patients to complete each group of actions multiple times, resulting in a small amount of data. To solve the problem of insufficient data quantity, this study proposes a data augmentation method based on empirical mode decomposition and integrated long short-term memory neural network (EMD-ILSTM). The method mainly consists of two parts: one is to decompose the raw signal by the method of EMD, and the other is to use LSTM for data augmentation of the decomposed signal. Then, the method is tested on the public dataset named Ninaweb, and the test results show that the classification accuracy can be improved by 5.2%by using the augmented data for classification tasks. Finally, clinical trials are conducted to verify that after dimensionality reduction, the augmented data and raw data have smaller intra-class distances and larger inter-class distances, indicating that data augmentation is effective.