Hepatolithiasis has been defined as the occurrence of stones in any intrahepatic bile duct proximal to the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts, irrespective of the presence of stones in the main bile duct or the gallbladder. It is prevalent in Japan and Southeast Asia. Because of high rate of remnant and recurrence of stones contributed by the complicating biliary strictures, which lead to inevitable postoperative lithogenesis. Therefore, liver resection (LR), which include the total involved liver parenchymal segments and biliary tract (anatomical hepatectomy or non-anatomiacal hepatectomy) is the definitive treatment option for intrahepatic duct (IHD) stones because it can remove both the stones and the ductal strictures of biliary tract simultaneously. However, unlike cystic or solid liver tumors, patients with IHD stones have alterations of anatomical structures and perihepatic adhesions because of chronic recurrent inflammation, which makes the identification of the target hepatic segment and locates the biliary strictures difficult. Recently, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIS) has been introduced into hepatectomy, which has been identify as a valuable technique on define the resected margin in tumor patients, yet this technique utilized in patients with IHD stones was rarely reported. Our study describes our initial experience of ICG FIS applied to LR for patients with hepatolithiasis.