AIs  aromatase inhibitors  AMPK  Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase  AR  androgen  ATM  Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated  ATP  Adenosine Triphosphate  BCSS  breast cancer specific survival  CK-MB  Creatine Kinase-MB  CREB1  cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein 1  CSC  cancer stem cell  DFS  disease-free survival  DHFU  dihydrofluorouracil  DPD  dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase  EpCAM  Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule  ER  estrogen  ERCC1  excision repair cross-complementary 1  ERK  extracellular signal-regulated kinases  EZH2  enhancer of zeste homolog 2  FdUMP  fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate  FdUTP  fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate  FHC  ferritin heavy chain  FUTP  fluorouridine triphosphate  HbA1C  hemoglobin A1c  HER  Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor  HIF-1α  hypoxia-inducible factor-1α  HK  hexokinase  IGF1R  insulin growth factor 1 receptor  LDH  lactate dehydrogenase  MDA  Muscular Dystrophy Association  MMP  Matrix Metallopeptidase  MRP1  multidrug resistance-associated protein 1  mTOR  mammalian target of rapamycin  MTX  methotrexate  NCCN  National Comprehensive Cancer Network  OS  overall survival  pCR  Pathologic Complete Response  PDGFR  platelet-derived growth factor receptors  PFS  progression-free survival  PKA  protein kinase A  PR  progesterone receptor  RFS  relapse-free survival  SOD  superoxide dismutase  TAM  tamoxifen  TCA  tricarboxlic acid  TS  thymidylate synthase  Combination  Mechanisms  Metformin  Chemotherapeutic drugs  

ACTH  Adrenocorticotropic hormone  AIF  Apoptosis inducing factor  AKI  Acute kidney injury  BMSC  Bone marrow derived stem cells  CIN  Contrast-induced nephropathy  COMP-Ang1  Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-angiopoietin-1  CysLT1R  Cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptor  DMARD  Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs  eNOS  Endothelial nitric oxide synthase  eEPCs  Endothelial progenitor cells  HDAC  Histone deacetylase  HSPC  Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells  IRI  Ischemia–reperfusion injury  ICAM-1  Intercellular adhesion molecule-1  JNK  c-Jun N-terminal kinase  KIF3B  Kinesin family member 3B  KIM-1  Kidney injury molecule 1  MAPK  Mitogen-activated protein kinase  MCP-1  Monocyte chemotactic protein-1  α-MSH  Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone  MFG-E8  Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor VIII  MPT  Mitochondrial permeability transition  MSCs  Mesenchymal stem cells  NGAL  Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin  MDM2  Murine double minute-2  MMP-2  Matrix metallopeptidase 2  mTOR  Mammalian target of rapamycin  PI3K  Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase  PACAP  Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide  RAAS  Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system  RANTES  Regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted  RIP1  Receptor-interacting protein 1  TNF-α  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha  TWEAK  TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis  VDRA  Vitamin D receptor agonist  Acute kidney injury  Kidney protection  Kidney repair  Renoprotection  Ischemia–reperfusion  Nephrotoxicity