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题名	纤维素厌氧降解复合菌系的分离与初步研究
作者	吴俊妹
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2013-05
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	齐鸿雁
关键词	复合菌系 变性梯度凝胶电泳 若尔盖湿地 纤维素 甲烷 microbial consortia DGGE Zoige wetland cellulose methane
其他题名	Screening and identification of cellulolytic consortium under anaerobic conditions
学位专业	环境工程
中文摘要	随着能源短缺和环境污染问题的日益严峻，资源丰富、可再生和环境友好的生物质能成为能源和生态环境领域研究的热点。纤维素是世界上最丰富的生物质资源，能够生物转化产能，这为解决未来能源危机提供了一个方向。自然环境中存在高效转化纤维素的例子，但是通常难以正确解析和认识这个复杂体系中各微生物群落的功能，获得一个简化的具有纤维素转化功能的混菌体系，是揭示微生物相互作用关系的关键。本论文利用传统厌氧培养技术结合分子生态学技术，建立了一种筛选简单降解纤维素产甲烷复合菌系的方法，并获得一个简单的产甲烷复合菌系。具体结果如下： （1）利用富集培养法，结合DGGE分子指纹检测技术以及厌氧滚管技术，建立了一种筛选简单降解纤维素产甲烷复合菌系的方法。利用此种方法，以青藏高原若尔盖高寒湿地富含纤维素的泥土样品作为研究对象，首先分离得到一组稳定的纤维素厌氧降解复合菌系，然后在此基础上再分离获得一个简单的产甲烷复合菌系。 （2）纤维素厌氧降解复合菌系有以下特点：该复合菌系是一个广温复合菌系，具有较为广泛的pH适应性；该复合菌系由纤维素水解菌（Clostrium cellulovorans）、非纤维素水解菌（Clostrium fimetarium, Trichococcus flocculiformis和Parabacteroides merdae）和产甲烷古菌（Methanobacterium subterraneum）等几个主要的功能菌群组成；该复合菌系的纤维素降解特性与若尔盖高寒湿地特殊的气候条件和富含纤维素的环境关系密切。 （3）简单的产甲烷复合菌系由Clostridium glycolicum、T. flocculiformis、P. merdae和M. subterraneum等具有不同功能的4种菌株组成，且在这4株菌的共同作用下可将纤维素直接转化为CH4。复合菌系A2的获得为今后纤维素转化甲烷复合菌系的代谢控制和遗传改造提供了一个平台。
英文摘要	As the problem of energy shortages and environmental pollution becomes more and more serious, biomass has become a research hotspot in the field of energy and ecological environment. Cellulose is the most ample renewable energy on earth. So using the cellulose sufficiently will be a good way to solve energy crisis in future. Bioconversion of cellulose exists in natural environment, but it’s still a difficult problem of obtaining the function of complex microbial communities. Searching of a simple bacteria mixture with the ability of degrading cellulose has become a pivotal issue in exploring microbial interactions. In this study, a screening approach was developed to obtain a simple microbial community with the ability of degrading cellulose by using traditional anaerobic cultivation and molecular ecology technology, and a mixed microbial community which can generate methane was isolated based on the approach. The results showed that： (1) Based on the enrichment method accompanied with denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint detection technology and roll-tube method, a stable microbial community with cellulose degradation ability was isolated from Zoige alpine wetland in the Tibetan Plateau. Then, a four-strain mixed microbial community which also can degrade cellulose to methane was isolated based on the stable microbial community using the constructed method described above. (2) The characteristics of the stable microbial community were as follows: 1) capable of surviving under wide temperature and pH conditions; 2) be consisted of three functional groups: cellulolytic bacterium, Clostrium cellulovorans, non-celluloytic bacteria groups of Clostrium fimetarium, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Parabacteroides merdae, and Methanobacterium subterraneum; 3) the cellulose-degradation characteristics of the mixture were closely related to the environment of Zoige alpine wetland in the Tibetan Plateau, which was rich in cellulose and at a low temperature. (3) The simple microbial consortia were consisted of four strains with different functions: Clostridium glycolicum, as cellulolytic bacterium, Trichococcus flocculiformis and Parabacteroides merdae, as non-celluloytic bacteria groups, and Methanobacterium subterraneum. Cellulose could be converted to methane by this bacteria mixture. In the future, the isolated cellulolytic consortium could provide a chance to control the metabolic regulation and genetic modification involved in methane production from cellulose.
公开日期	2014-09-18
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/7688]
专题	生态环境研究中心_中国科学院环境生物技术重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	吴俊妹. 纤维素厌氧降解复合菌系的分离与初步研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2013.

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