| 题名 | 双酚类化合物的环境雌激素效应研究 |
| 作者 | 梁栋 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 宋茂勇,汪海林 |
| 关键词 | 双酚类化合物 雌激素活性 MVLN 卵黄蛋白原 BLYES 发育毒性 BPs estrogenic activity MVLN Vtg BLYES developmental toxicity |
| 其他题名 | The Study on the Environmental Estrogenic Activities of Biphenols |
| 学位专业 | 环境科学 |
| 中文摘要 | 双酚 A及其类似物（如双酚 B、双酚 F、双酚 AF、四溴双酚 A等）被广泛应用于聚碳酸酯、环氧树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂及杀真菌剂、抗氧化剂、染料、阻燃剂、交联剂等化工产品的生产。双酚类化合物的高产量以及其环境释放已经引起广泛的关注，目前已在水体及土壤等环境介质中检测出多种双酚类化合物。双酚 A是一种典型的环境内分泌干扰物，但目前对其它双酚类化合物的毒性和内分泌干扰效应并不完全清楚。由于双酚 A及其类似物的相关产品的广泛应用，使得人类对双酚类化合物的暴露几乎无处不在。因此，本文选取 14种具有代表性的双酚类化合物，对其雌激素活性进行了筛选，利用斑马鱼模型研究了卤代双酚 A化合物的发育毒性和雌激素效应，并分析了双酚类化合物对实际环境样品雌激素活性的贡献。 本论文采用 MCF-7的增殖实验与 MVLN体外筛选方法对 14种双酚类化合物的雌激素效应进行了研究。MVLN细胞是人乳腺癌细胞 MCF-7细胞系来源的稳定转染了荧光素酶报告基因的细胞株。我们通过 ICI-182780的抑制实验证明双酚类化合物是通过雌激素受体通路而产生雌激素效应。研究表明， 14种双酚类化合物的雌激素活性大小顺序为PAF>BPS>DHBP>BPE>BPF>BPA>TMPBA>BPB>TDP>BPAP>BPC>TBBPA、 TCBPA、TBBPS，且化合物的雌激素活性大小与其结构紧密相关。研究还表明部分双酚类化合物具有抗雌作用。 斑马鱼已经成为评价环境污染物毒性的理想模式生物。卵黄蛋白原(Vtg)是一种灵敏的雌激素或类雌激素效应的生物标志物。本论文通过斑马鱼鱼卵的暴露实验，证明卤代双酚A具有明显的发育毒性，毒性大小顺序为 TCBPA>TBBPA>BPAF>BPA。以卵黄蛋白原作为生物标志物，使用了一种半定量的 ELISA方法来测量卤代双酚 A暴露后雄性成年斑马鱼的 vtg水平变化，从而检测其雌激素活性。实验结果表明 BPAF在雄鱼体内表现出较强的雌激素活性，而 TBBPA与 TCBPA并未表现出雌激素活性。 双酚类化合物可以通过多种途径进入环境当中，调查表明双酚类化合物主要分布在土壤、水和沉积物中，本论文采用发光酵母方法对全国 15个地区污水处理厂底泥样品的雌激素活性进行测定，并分析了样品中的双酚类化合物的含量。八种双酚类化合物被检出，双酚类化合物总量为 26.2-599 ng/g dw，其雌激素当量在 0.005-0.05 ng E2/g dw，对样品总雌激素活性的贡献均在 1%以下。 |
| 英文摘要 | Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues are high production volume chemicals and used mainly in the manufacture of polycarbonate, epoxy resins, polystyrene resins, fungicide,antioxidant, dye, flame retardant and cross-linking agent. The high industrial production and environmental release of BPA and its analogues have caused increasing concerns. Currently a variety of bisphenol compounds have been detected in water and soils. Bisphenol A is a typical environmental endocrine disruptors, however, the toxicity and the endocrine disrupting effects of its analogues have not been reported in details. Due to the wide use of bisphenol A and its analogues, human are exposed to bisphenol compounds almost everywhere. Here, the estrogenic activity of BPA and 13 analogues will be comparatively examined by in vitro and in vivo assays.Combined methods and specific cell lines will be used to study their estrogenic activity. We will use the zebrafish model to study the developmental toxicity and estrogenic activity of H-BPA. We will also study the estrogenic activity of BPA and 13 analogues in the environment. In this study, the estrogenic activities of BPA and 14 analogues will be examined by E-screen assay and ER-Calux assay. MVLN cells, which are human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cell-derived cell lines, are stably transfected with a luciferase reporter gene. We co-exposed BPs and ICI-182780 to MVLN cell line to confirm that BPs can activate estrogen receptors. Our result shows that the estrogenic activity of BPs is in the following order: BPAF>BPS>DHBP>BPE>BPF>BPA>TMPBA>BPB>TDP>BPAP>BPC>TBBPA,TCBPA,TB BPS. And the estrogenic activities of these compounds are related to their structure. And several BPs showed the antiestrogenic effect too. Zebrafish have become an ideal model organisms to evaluate the toxicity of environmental pollutants.The vtg assay is a frequently used and sensitive in vivo biomarker for estrogenic activity. In this study, we found out that H-BPA has significant developmental toxicity. From the most toxic to the least toxic, the rank order of toxicities of the chemicals were TCBPA>TBBPA>BPAF>BPA. In order to investigate the estrogenic activity of these chemicals,the vtg level in adult male zebrafish was measured using a semiquantitative ELISA method. In accordance with in vitro testing, BPAF was a relatively strong xenoestrogens while both TBBPA and TCBPA was negative for estrogenic responses by both routes of oral gavage and subcutaneous injection. BPs may enter the environment through a variety of ways and research showed that BPs are mainly distributed in the soil, water and sediments. In our study we used BLYES to research the estrogenic activity and concentration of BPs in municipal sewage sludge samples from 15 different regions in China. Among the target analytes, 8 BP analogues were positively identified and quantified in the sewage sludge samples with total BP concentrations of 26.2-599 ng/g dw. The EEQ of BP analogues was 0.005-0.05 ng E2/g dw, under 1% of samples’ EEQ. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-07 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15721]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 梁栋. 双酚类化合物的环境雌激素效应研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
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