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题名	城市复合生态管理模型框架构建及实证研究
作者	姚亮
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2014-05
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	王如松，刘晶茹
关键词	城市生态管理 复合生态系统 管理模型 生态控制论 生态整合 urban ecological management Social-Economic-Natural Complex Ecosystem (SENCE) Model eco-cybernetics ecological integration
其他题名	Eco-integrative Model Group for Urban Ecological Mangagement
学位专业	生态学
中文摘要	快速城市化是当今中国的主要时代特征。截止至2011年，城市化率达到51.27%，城市已经成为人类的主要栖息地。在这种城市化浪潮中，不可否认居民的生活水平和社会福利得到大幅提高，但自然支撑系统的承载能力开始衰退，城市环境问题开始爆发式涌现。如何实现城市中经济、社会、环境三维度的协调发展，是摆在我国快速城市化浪潮中的一道难题。传统条块分割的城市管理体制和还原论主导下的管理方法亟需革新。城市是一类典型的复合生态系统，将系统生态学和复合生态系统理论用之于城市必将为城市管理注入新的血液。目前城市管理已经步入了科学决策和精细管理阶段，一系列的管理模型起着基础支撑作用。然而，传统管理模型往往失效于生态系统的复杂性和不确定性。城市管理亟需新的模型工具，促进传统管理向复合生态管理的转型。为此，本论文主要开展了以下几方面的研究。 （1）提出了城市复合生态管理流程框架，将传统的线性“评价-决策-实施”管理周期进行拓展，形成“学习-辨识-模拟-评价-规划-工程”的无缝式全覆盖管理周期，更加强调管理者的持续学习、管理周期的永续性和管理过程的全覆盖。 （2）构建了城市复合生态管理模型的基本分类框架，按照城市管理的管理流程和现实需求将模型划分为5大功能类：学习模型、辨识模型、模拟模型、评价模型和规划（工程）模型。这五大类模型共同构成了复合生态管理模型体系。 （3）开发了数个服务于特定管理阶段的具体模型。学习模型包括典型示例、控制论特征树和元系统平台等；辨识模型以生态位势辨识和定性网络模型为代表；模拟模型解析了模型整合方法，探讨了模拟技术与泛目标生态规划的整合；评价模型则采用指标体系来测度系统功序状态；工程规划模型主要包含集成优化模型和“源-渠-库-汇”概念模型。 （4）筛选了数个城市热点问题进行实证研究，包括城市生活垃圾问题、城市公共绿地系统、城市雨洪雨污防治问题等。主要目的在于检验模型的实用性，同时也为城市具体问题的生态管理提供参考案例。     论文获得的主要创新性成果有： （1）提出了城市管理走向复合生态管理的转型方法。在管理模式方面，指出了城市管理方法论的转型路径：从普遍盛行的线性离散式管理决策模式，逐渐过渡到充分考虑生态复杂性的信息反馈式适应性管理，最终进化为注重“物（生态要素）-事（生态关系）-人（生态智慧）”整合的复合生态管理。 （2）拓展了传统城市管理周期，构建了无缝式全覆盖城市复合生态管理流程框架，在管理前端增加了机理学习过程以实现管理者的观念更新，在管理后端强调管理反馈以实现城市的永续管理，始终将调控系统“序”贯穿于全部生态管理阶段。 （3）构建了将城市生态复杂性转化为城市可持续性的具体管理工具。使用学习模型来理解复杂性，借助辨识-模拟-评价模型来简化复杂性，最终依赖工程-规划等管理调控手段孕育出城市可持续性。总之，本文通过探索城市管理的复合生态转型路径，建立了城市复合生态管理模型的基本分类框架，构建了一系列形式多样的具体管理模型，力求将这些管理模型应用到城市日常管理的热点问题研究中，为城市生态管理实践提供理论支持和有效工具。
英文摘要	Rapid urbanization is one of the main features of China. By 2011, China’s urbanization rate reached 51.27%, indicating that city has become the main human habitat. People's living standards and social welfare have increased significantly during the fast urbanization meanwhile the capacity of natural support system began to decline and the urban environment problems has explosively emerged. Urban environmental problems have become the main restrictive factors to urban development. How to realize the coordinated development of economy, society and environment in urban area remains a difficult problem in China as well as the world. The traditionally fragmented urban management system and management methods under the direction of reductionism need to be changed.      Urban ecosystem is a typical social-economic-natural complex ecosystem. Systematic ecology and complex ecosystem theory will instill energy and vitality in urban management. Currently urban management has entered scientific decision and fine management stage, in which scientific models play fundamental and supporting role. The traditional management models, however, are often ineffective due to the complexity and uncertainty of ecosystem. New urban management model group is imperative to promote the transformation of traditional management to the complex ecosystem management. Thus, this dissertation mainly focused on the following researches: (1) We constructed urban complex ecosystem management framework and expanded the traditional "evaluation-decision-implement" management cycle to a seamless urban management cycle “learning - identification - simulation - evaluation - planning - engineering - evolution”. We put emphasis on managers' continuous learning ability, sustainability of management cycle and the comprehensiveness of management process. (2) We developed a number of models for specific management phase. Learning models include typical cases study, prototype system and cybernetics feature tree model; Identification model represented by qualitative network model; Evaluation model used index system to measure the system order status; Engineering model mainly includes integrated and optimized model and the "source-channel-library-sink" conceptual model. Finally we proposed integrated complex ecological model through our overall management framework and combining specific model. (3) We conducted empirical researches on important issues including household garbage, public green space system, ecological industrial park, rain flood and rain sewage control to test the applicability of our models as well as provide case references for urban ecological management of specific problems.     The innovative achievements obtained by our researches includes:      Putting forward the transformation of traditional urban management into complex ecological management. Urban management requires a revolutionary change of focus from the tangible objective to the intangible relationship, from quantification to the sequencing, from optimization to adaptation, from external form to internal spirit.      Extending the traditional urban management cycle and building a seamless urban complex ecosystem management framework. We added a front-end learning process in order to update the manager’s concept. We emphasized the feedback in the back-end stage to realize the sustainable urban management. The regulation of system order was emphasized throughout all ecological management stages.       Building specific management path that turned ecological complexity into urban sustainability. We understand ecosystem complexity through learning models, simplify the complexity with recognition-simulation-evaluation models and finally realize urban sustainability through engineering, planning and management measurement.      This dissertation explored the transition path of complex ecological urban management, and developed an integrated urban complex ecosystem management framework. We also developed various forms of management models and used these models in the "five in one "urban construction, in which our models provided theoretical support and efficient tools for the ecological management and ecological civilization construction.
公开日期	2015-07-07
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15609]
专题	生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	姚亮. 城市复合生态管理模型框架构建及实证研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014.

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