Using pulsar timing arrays and the quantum normalization condition to constrain relic gravitational waves

	Using pulsar timing arrays and the quantum normalization condition to constrain relic gravitational waves
	Tong, M. L.1,2; Zhang, Y.3; Zhao, W.3; Liu, J. Z.4 ; Zhao, C. S.1,2; Yang, T. G.1,2
刊名	CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
	2014-02-07
卷号	31 期号:3
关键词	relic gravitational waves pulsar timing arrays early universe quantum normalization
英文摘要	In the non-standard model of relic gravitational waves (RGWs) generated in the early universe, the theoretical spectrum is mainly described by an amplitude r and a spectral index beta, the latter usually being determined by the slope of the inflaton potential. Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) data have imposed constraints on the amplitude of strain spectrum for a power-law form as a phenomenological model. Applying these constraints to a generic, theoretical spectrum with r and beta as independent parameters, we convert the PTAs constraint into an upper bound on the index beta, which turns out to be less stringent than those upper bounds from the Big Bang nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave background and LIGO/VIRGO, respectively. Moreover, it is found that PTAs constrain the nonstandard RGWs more stringently than the standard RGWs. If the condition of the quantum normalization is imposed upon a theoretical spectrum of RGWs, r and beta become related. With this condition, a minimum requirement of the horizon size during inflation is greater than the Planck length that results in an upper bound on beta, which is comparable in magnitude to that by PTAs. When both PTAs and the quantum normalization are applied to a theoretical spectrum of RGWs, constraints can be obtained for other cosmic processes of the early universe, such as the reheating, a process less understood observationally so far. The resulting constraint is consistent with the slow-roll, massive scalar inflation model. The future square kilometer array will be able to constrain RGWs further and might even detect RGWs, rendering an important probe to the very early universe.
WOS标题词	Science & Technology ; Physical Sciences
类目[WOS]	Astronomy & Astrophysics ; Physics, Multidisciplinary ; Physics, Particles & Fields
研究领域[WOS]	Astronomy & Astrophysics ; Physics
关键词[WOS]	PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS ; OBSERVATIONS COSMOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION ; INFLATIONARY-UNIVERSE ; ACCELERATING UNIVERSE ; UPPER LIMITS ; ANISOTROPY ; DETECTOR ; POLARIZATION ; RADIATION ; SPECTRUM
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000329989100002
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.xao.ac.cn/handle/45760611-7/615]
专题	新疆天文台_光学天文与技术应用研究室
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Time Serv Ctr, Xian 710600, Shaanxi, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Time & Frequency Primary Stand, Xian 710600, Shaanxi, Peoples R China 3.Univ Sci & Technol China, Ctr Astrophys, Key Lab Galact & Cosmol Res, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Xinjiang Observ, Xinjiang 830011, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Tong, M. L.,Zhang, Y.,Zhao, W.,et al. Using pulsar timing arrays and the quantum normalization condition to constrain relic gravitational waves[J]. CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY,2014,31(3).
APA	Tong, M. L.,Zhang, Y.,Zhao, W.,Liu, J. Z.,Zhao, C. S.,&Yang, T. G..(2014).Using pulsar timing arrays and the quantum normalization condition to constrain relic gravitational waves.CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY,31(3).
MLA	Tong, M. L.,et al."Using pulsar timing arrays and the quantum normalization condition to constrain relic gravitational waves".CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY 31.3(2014).