| 题名 | 紫色土容许施肥量的初步确定研究 |
| 作者 | 赵丽 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2013 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 刘刚才 |
| 关键词 | 紫色土 容许 施肥量 确定 研究 |
| 其他题名 | Preliminary Study on Determination of the Fertilization Tolerance of the Purple Soil |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本研究通过野外试验小区和试验室内分析，选取玉米为紫色土区典型种植作物作为研究对象，通过分析不同坡度坡耕地不同施肥量下作物农艺性状和生理特性；土壤肥力；径流中氮、磷的流失特征及潜在富营养化危害三个方面的影响，并使用主成分分析法和反演的方法确定不同施肥量对土壤肥力和土壤径流中氮磷对水体环境的富营养化危害的影响大小，结果表明，当施肥量范围为0.60～1.12t/hm2（N-P2O5-K2O=0.102-0.102-0.102～0.190-0.190-0.190t/hm2）时，能保护叶片不受强光的伤害，发挥叶绿素光合作用的潜能，从而保证玉米的正常生长，使叶面积指数越大、株高和产量最高，且土壤的细菌数量最多最活跃，保水能力最强，具有较高的肥力；土壤径流中总氮、总磷浓度都能够满足紫色土流域非点源污染物的容许入河浓度。在揭示不同施肥量与作物产量、土壤肥力和水体环境的相关关系基础上，根据国内外已有的生态施肥概念和本试验的研究，分地块和区域两种尺度定义容许施肥量的定义，并运用综合优化指数的方法，初步确定当施肥量范围为0.60～1.12t/hm2（N-P2O5-K2O=0.102-0.102-0.102～0.190-0.190-0.190t/hm2）时为的紫色土区容许施肥量。 |
| 英文摘要 | We analyzed the following three aspects impact of fertilization: Properties and physiological characteristics of crop, the physic-chemical properties of soil, the characteristics of potential eutrophication hazards of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from the fertilized slope Land. The methods of principal component analysis and the inversion were used to determine the effects of the soil fertility and the potential eutrophication hazards of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from the fertilized slope Land with different amount of fertilization. The results show that when the amount of fertilization was 0.60～1.12t/hm2（N-P2O5-K2O=0.102-0.102-0.102～0.190-0.190-0.190t/hm2）, it can protect maize leaves from glare reflected by sunshine, and reach their full potential of chlorophyll photosynthesis and ensure the normal growth of maize. The larger leaf area index, the higher plant height and yield were observed, and the best performances of the most bacteria number, the strongest ability of water reservation, and highest fertility was made under the amount of fertilization. the mount of fertilizer was0.60～1.12t/hm2（N-P2O5-K2O=0.102-0.102-0.102～0.190-0.190-0.190t/hm2）could also ensure the water will not cause water eutrophication caused by the nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff. Based on reveal the relationships between different fertilization and crop yield, soil fertility as well as water environment to define the concept of the tolerant fertilization with plot and region scale with according to the concept and the study of ecological fertilizer at home and abroad. Using the method of integrated optimization index to determine the range of fertilization tolerance is 0.60～1.12t/hm2(N-P2O5-K2O =0.102-0.102-0.102～0.190-0.190-0.190t/hm2) preliminarily. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2014-08-04 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/7066]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 赵丽. 紫色土容许施肥量的初步确定研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2013. |
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