New methods of data calibration for high power-aperture lidar

	New methods of data calibration for high power-aperture lidar
	Guan, Sai 1; Yang, Guotao 1; Chang, Qihai 2; Cheng, Xuewu 3; Yang, Yong 3; Gong, Shaohua 4; Wang, Jihong 1
刊名	OPTICS EXPRESS
	2013-03-25
卷号	21 期号:6 页码:7768-7785
ISSN号	1094-4087
通讯作者	北京8701信箱
中文摘要	For high power-aperture lidar sounding of wide atmospheric dynamic ranges, as in middle-upper atmospheric probing, photomultiplier tubes' (PMT) pulse pile-up effects and signal-induced noise (SIN) complicates the extraction of information from lidar return signal, especially from metal layers' fluorescence signal. Pursuit for sophisticated description of metal layers' characteristics at far range (80~130km) with one PMT of high quantum efficiency (QE) and good SNR, contradicts the requirements for signals of wide linear dynamic range (i.e. from approximate 10(2) to 10(8) counts/s). In this article, Substantial improvements on experimental simulation of Lidar signals affected by PMT are reported to evaluate the PMTs' distortions in our High Power-Aperture Sodium LIDAR system. A new method for pile-up calibration is proposed by taking into account PMT and High Speed Data Acquisition Card as an Integrated Black-Box, as well as a new experimental method for identifying and removing SIN from the raw Lidar signals. Contradiction between the limited linear dynamic range of raw signal (55~80km) and requirements for wider acceptable linearity has been effectively solved, without complicating the current lidar system. Validity of these methods was demonstrated by applying calibrated data to retrieve atmospheric parameters (i.e. atmospheric density, temperature and sodium absolutely number density), in comparison with measurements of TIMED satellite and atmosphere model. Good agreements are obtained between results derived from calibrated signal and reference measurements where differences of atmosphere density, temperature are less than 5% in the stratosphere and less than 10K from 30km to mesosphere, respectively. Additionally, approximate 30% changes are shown in sodium concentration at its peak value. By means of the proposed methods to revert the true signal independent of detectors, authors approach a new balance between maintaining the linearity of adequate signal (20-110km) and guaranteeing good SNR (i.e. 10(4):1 around 90km) without debasing QE, in one single detecting channel. For the first time, PMT in photon-counting mode is independently applied to subtract reliable information of atmospheric parameters with wide acceptable linearity over an altitude range from stratosphere up to lower thermosphere (20-110km).
英文摘要	For high power-aperture lidar sounding of wide atmospheric dynamic ranges, as in middle-upper atmospheric probing, photomultiplier tubes' (PMT) pulse pile-up effects and signal-induced noise (SIN) complicates the extraction of information from lidar return signal, especially from metal layers' fluorescence signal. Pursuit for sophisticated description of metal layers' characteristics at far range (80 similar to 130km) with one PMT of high quantum efficiency (QE) and good SNR, contradicts the requirements for signals of wide linear dynamic range (i.e. from approximate 10(2) to 10(8) counts/s). In this article, Substantial improvements on experimental simulation of Lidar signals affected by PMT are reported to evaluate the PMTs' distortions in our High Power-Aperture Sodium LIDAR system. A new method for pile-up calibration is proposed by taking into account PMT and High Speed Data Acquisition Card as an Integrated Black-Box, as well as a new experimental method for identifying and removing SIN from the raw Lidar signals. Contradiction between the limited linear dynamic range of raw signal (55 similar to 80km) and requirements for wider acceptable linearity has been effectively solved, without complicating the current lidar system. Validity of these methods was demonstrated by applying calibrated data to retrieve atmospheric parameters (i.e. atmospheric density, temperature and sodium absolutely number density), in comparation with measurements of TIMED satellite and atmosphere model. Good agreements are obtained between results derived from calibrated signal and reference measurements where differences of atmosphere density, temperature are less than 5% in the stratosphere and less than 10K from 30km to mesosphere, respectively. Additionally, approximate 30% changes are shown in sodium concentration at its peak value. By means of the proposed methods to revert the true signal independent of detectors, authors approach a new balance between maintaining the linearity of adequate signal (20-110km) and guaranteeing good SNR (i.e. 10(4):1 around 90km) without debasing QE, in one single detecting channel. For the first time, PMT in photon-counting mode is independently applied to subtract reliable information of atmospheric parameters with wide acceptable linearity over an altitude range from stratosphere up to lower thermosphere (20-110km).
学科主题	空间物理
WOS标题词	Science & Technology ; Physical Sciences
类目[WOS]	Optics
研究领域[WOS]	Optics
关键词[WOS]	LASER-RADAR ; PHOTOMULTIPLIERS ; RAYLEIGH ; SYSTEMS ; OZONE ; LINEARITY ; RESONANCE ; AEROSOL ; GAIN
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000316796000121
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.cssar.ac.cn/handle/122/1548]
专题	国家空间科学中心_空间科学部
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Space Sci Ctr, State Key Lab Space Weather, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China 2.Tibet Univ Nationalities, Xian 712082, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China 4.Hainan Normal Univ, Sch Phys & Elect Engn, Haikou 570000, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Guan, Sai,Yang, Guotao,Chang, Qihai,et al. New methods of data calibration for high power-aperture lidar[J]. OPTICS EXPRESS,2013,21(6):7768-7785.
APA	Guan, Sai.,Yang, Guotao.,Chang, Qihai.,Cheng, Xuewu.,Yang, Yong.,...&Wang, Jihong.(2013).New methods of data calibration for high power-aperture lidar.OPTICS EXPRESS,21(6),7768-7785.
MLA	Guan, Sai,et al."New methods of data calibration for high power-aperture lidar".OPTICS EXPRESS 21.6(2013):7768-7785.