Primary proton spectrum around the knee observed by the Tibet air-shower experiment

	Primary proton spectrum around the knee observed by the Tibet air-shower experiment
	Amenomori, M. ; Ayabe, S. ; Chen, D ; Cui, S. W. ; Danzengluobu, ; Ding, L. K. ; Ding, X. H. ; Feng, C. F. ; Feng, Z. Y. ; Gao, X. Y. ; Geng, Q. X. ; Guo, H. W. ; He, H. H. ; He, M. ; Hibino, K. ; Hotta, N. ; Hu, H. B. ; Huang, J. ; Huang, Q. ; Izumi, M ; Jia, H. Y. ; Kajino, F. ; Kasahara, K. ; Katayose, Y. ; Kato, C. ; Kawata, K. ; Labaciren, ; Le, G. M. ; Li, J.Y. ; Lu, H. ; Lu, S. L. ; Meng, X. R. ; Mizutani, K. ; Mu, J. ; Munakata, K. ; Nagai, A. ; Nanjo, H. ; Nishizawa, M. ; Ohnishi, M. ; Ohta, I. ; Onuma, H. ; Ouchi, T. ; Ozawa, S. ; Ren, J. R. ; Saito, T. ; Saito, T. Y. ; Sakata, M. ; Sasaki, T. ; Shibata, M. ; Shiomi, A. ; Shirai, T. ; Sugimoto, H. ; Takita, M. ; Tan, Y. H. ; Tateyama, N. ; Torii, S. ; Tsuchlya, H. ; Udo, S. ; Wang, H. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. G. ; Wu, H. R. ; Xue, L. ; Yamamoto, Y. ; Yan, C. T. ; Yang, X. C. ; Yasue, S. ; Ye, Z. H. ; Yu, G. C. ; Yuan, A. F. ; Yuda, T. ; Zhang, H. M. ; Zhang, J. L. ; Zhang, N. J. ; Zhang, X. Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhaxisangzhu, ; Zhou, X. X. ; Tibet, ASy Collaboration
刊名	Astrophysics
	2006
卷号	37 期号:10 页码:1938-1943
关键词	cosmic rays gamma-family neural network proton knee region electromagnetic cascade showers cosmic-ray composition energy-range hybrid-experiment region helium nuclei lead
ISSN号	0273-1177
通讯作者	北京8701信箱
英文摘要	Simultaneous observation of gamma-families and their accompanying air showers was performed at Yangbajing (4300 m above sea level) in Tibet with the emulsion chambers and burst detectors which were linked with the Tibet-II air-shower array. For three years operation, we observed 177 gamma-families (Sigma E-gamma > 20 TeV) accompanying air showers with the size N-e > 2 x 10(5). Using this data and the simulation code CORSIKA, we obtained the primary proton spectrum in the energy range of 10(15)-10(16) eV. The slope of the observed spectrum is steeper than that extrapolated smoothly from the lower energy region below 10(14) eV, irrespective of the interaction models assumed in the simulation. The uncertainty of the absolute flux of protons due to the interaction model dependence involved in the simulation codes is at most 30%, which is much weaker than results of other air-shower experiments. Our experiment shows low intensity of light components (proton and helium) independent of the interaction models suggesting that the main component responsible for making the knee structure of the all-particle spectrum is composed of nuclei heavier than helium. This is the first measurement of the differential energy spectra of primary protons by selecting them event by event at the knee energy region.
收录类别	SCI
原文出处	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6V3S-4J2M5JW-3-5&_cdi=5738&_user=1999492&_pii=S0273117705014122&_orig=search&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2006&_sk=999629989&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlz-zSkzV&md5=3446ffa3ad4f7453f4892dfe73ddcc19&ie=/sdarticle.pdf
语种	英语
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.cssar.ac.cn/handle/122/1710]
专题	国家空间科学中心_其他部室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Amenomori, M.,Ayabe, S.,Chen, D,et al. Primary proton spectrum around the knee observed by the Tibet air-shower experiment[J]. Astrophysics,2006,37(10):1938-1943.
APA	Amenomori, M..,Ayabe, S..,Chen, D.,Cui, S. W..,Danzengluobu,.,...&Tibet, ASy Collaboration.(2006).Primary proton spectrum around the knee observed by the Tibet air-shower experiment.Astrophysics,37(10),1938-1943.
MLA	Amenomori, M.,et al."Primary proton spectrum around the knee observed by the Tibet air-shower experiment".Astrophysics 37.10(2006):1938-1943.