泥石流扇形地土地整治与利用

CORC > 成都山地灾害与环境研究所 > 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 > 成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）

	泥石流扇形地土地整治与利用
	崔鹏; 王道杰
	2007
会议名称	四川省水土保持学会第四届会员代表大会暨学术交流会
会议日期	2007-12
会议地点	四川成都
关键词	泥石流
其他题名	Land exploitation and utilization on debris-flow fan
中文摘要	泥石流扇形地是山区宝贵的土地资源,但其土壤层次结构不合理,物理结构性差,养分贫瘠,有机质含量均不足1%,有效氮、有效磷及有效钾含量水平中等偏低。针对扇形地本身的地形、土质、养分等特点和开发利用中出现的问题,提出了泥石流扇形地改造利用的整地措施、改土措施和培肥措施。通过引浑停淤改良,土壤颗粒主要分布在0.02～0.002 mm之间,土壤质地由壤质砂土改良为粉质黏壤土;土壤表土层厚度增加7 cm,达到25 cm;土壤微团聚体数量为95.31%,比未改造泥石流荒滩地提高了56.87%,改良后的微团聚体主要分布在0.02～0.002 mm之间,对增强土壤保肥蓄水功能具有重要作用。经过改造后的扇形地具有很高的生产潜力,其自然生产潜力可达3万2 586 kg/hm2;而泥石流荒滩地、非引浑改良泥石流滩地土壤的自然生产潜力分别仅为1万9 295和2万8 299 kg/ hm2。在不同类型的泥石流扇形地中,黏性泥石流形成的扇形地细颗粒含量较多,容易改造成优质高产农田;稀性泥石流的扇形地细颗粒含量相对较少,改造的难度大,成本高。在不同开发程度泥石流扇形地中,新开垦的泥石流扇形地（砾石含量高）,宜种植水果、西瓜、红薯、花生等;经长期改造土壤质地和肥力都得到明显改善的扇形地,可种植水稻和反季节蔬菜等高效益的有机粮品和绿色粮品;而对于难以改造的稀性泥石流扇形地,可以经过简单整地,发展西瓜、石榴等对土壤质地要求不高的作物。
英文摘要	Land on debris-flow fan is the valuable resource in mountain area,but its soil layer structure and physical structure are irrational.The soil nutrient is poor,and the content of organic matter is less than 1%, the content of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium are in low to middle level. Land reclamation measures,soil amelioration measures and fertilizing measures for exploitation and utilization of debris-flow fan land are proposed according to its terrain,soil texture and nutrient characteristics and the problems in land development and utilization.The soil particles are mainly between 0.02 mm and 0.002 mm after improvement by silting fine sediment;the soil texture is improved from loamy sand to silty clay loam;the thickness of superficial soil achieves 25 cm which increases by 7 cm.The amount of soil micro-aggregates is 95.31% which increases by 56.87% compared with non-siltation land,and the micro-aggregates are mainly between 0.02 mm and 0.002 mm after silting improvement,which plays an important role in soil fertility and water conservation.The natural potential productivity of siltation lands on debris-flow fan is as high as 32586 kg/hm2;while the natural potential productivity of new land on debris-flow fan and non-siltation lands are only 19 295 kg/hm2 and 28 299 kg/hm2 respectively.The content of fine grains of debris-flow fan lands formed by viscous debris flow is comparatively high and this kind of lands can be easily exploited into good quality and high output farmland;while the content of fine grains of debris-flow fan lands formed by sparse debris flow is comparatively low and this kind of lands are exploited with great difficulty and high cost.Newly reclamation lands （with high content of gravel） are suitable for planting fruit,watermelon,sweet potato,peanut and so on;and the lands with obvious improvement in the soil texture and fertility can grow rice and counter-season vegetables which have high benefit.But for the lands on sparse debris-flow fan which are difficult to be exploited,can grow the crop which does not demand rigorously on soil texture and just needs simple soil preparation,such as watermelon and pomegranate.
合作状况	其它
会议主办者	中国水土保持学会
学科主题	水土保持学 ; 灾害学
语种	中文
内容类型	会议论文
源URL	[http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2792]
专题	成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	崔鹏,王道杰. 泥石流扇形地土地整治与利用[C]. 见:四川省水土保持学会第四届会员代表大会暨学术交流会. 四川成都. 2007-12.