QQ客服 官方微博 反馈留言

题名	小江流域土地利用变化与侵蚀产沙分析
作者	贾松伟
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2007
授予单位	中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所
授予地点	成都
导师	韦方强
关键词	小江流域 土地利用变化 侵蚀产沙 泥沙来源 磁性参数 土壤侵蚀 泥石流
其他题名	Research on Land Use Changes and Sediment Yield in Xiaojiang Basin
学位专业	自然地理学
中文摘要	小江是金沙江下游的一级支流，因特殊的自然环境条件和长期的生态环境破坏，水土流失极其严重，泥石流灾害异常发育。每年小江将大量泥沙输移至金沙江，对三峡工程及金沙江下游的梯级水电工程构成极大威胁。本文以小江流域为研究对象，利用遥感（RS）、地理信息系统（GIS）等技术，分析了1974~2005年期间小江流域土地利用类型变化，并预测了未来的发展趋势；然后运用SWAT模型对小江流域不同时期的坡面侵蚀产沙状况进行了模拟分析，并对小江流域典型泥石流沟——蒋家沟流域沉积物来源进行了探讨；最后估算了小江流域的泥石流输沙总量，提出了相应的治理措施。通过研究主要得到以下结论： 1、研究时段内小江流域各种土地利用类型变化主要表现在：a) 耕地面积不断增加，31年增加了138.6 km2；耕地以旱地为主，增加的耕地主要来自草地和林地。b) 林地面积表现出先减少后增加的趋势；林地以灌木林和疏林地为主，增加的林地主要来源于草地。c)草地面积相对变化不大，在1587.4~1663.7 km2之间波动；草地以高、中盖度草地为主。d) 城乡工矿用地变化速度最快，由1974年的9.5 km2增加到2005年的20.7 km2，其主要来自耕地。e) 未利用地面积不断减少，31年共减少了12.9 km2；其主要流向草地和耕地。 2、小江流域土地利用变化的总体速度在下降，1974~1987年土地利用变化最剧烈；同时研究区土地利用程度不断增加，土地利用程度指数由1974年的210.28增到了2005年的215.99，表明小江流域土地利用仍然处于发展期。并利用马尔柯夫概率模型对小江流域2020年的土地利用格局进行了预测。 3、从SWAT模型模拟结果来看，小江流域坡面侵蚀产沙最严重的区域集中在上游地区。四个时期小江流域坡面侵蚀产沙总量在69~82万t之间，只占小江泥沙总量的小部分。坡面侵蚀产沙主要发生在每年的6~9月份，占全年产沙量的80%左右。 同时，本文根据径流小区观测资料分析发现，3个不同土地利用类型小区的侵蚀强度都很低，介于1.49~38.42 t/km2之间。其中裸地的侵蚀强度最大，坡耕地次之。 4、本文利用磁性示踪定量研究了典型泥石流沟——蒋家沟流域的沉积物来源，表明蒋家沟流域主沟沉积物主要来源于滑坡体堆积物，占97.56%。并根据研究结果，估算了小江流域每年的泥石流输沙总量，大约为942万 t。同时提出了相应的治理措施。 在本项研究中，主要有以下几个方面的创新思路： 1、利用遥感图像解译和地理信息系统技术，分析了小江流域不同时期的土地利用变化，并结合SWAT模型和径流小区观测资料，对小江流域的坡面侵蚀产沙状况进行了分析。 2、利用磁性参数定量分析了泥石流多发区——蒋家沟流域的沉积物来源问题，从而探讨磁性参数在土壤侵蚀中，尤其是沉积物来源问题上的实用性。 3、根据坡面侵蚀产沙模拟结果，和泥石流沟的沉积物来源研究，估算了小江流域每年由泥石流产生的泥沙总量。
英文摘要	Due to long-term eco-environmental damage, soil erosion is very serious and debris-flow activities often occur in Xiaojiang Basin. Based on technique of RS and GIS, land-use changes in Xiaojiang Basin from 1974 to 2005 were analyzed. Furthermore, it simulated slope sediment yield for four periods with SWAT model in Xiaojiang Basin, and studied sediment sources using magnetic measurements in Jiangjiagou valley. Finally, it estimated total sediment amount by debris flow, and put forward corresponding control measures. Several results and conclusions are as follows: 1. Land use change of each type in Xiaojiang Basin during the research period showed that: a) Tillage area continually increased and increased 138.6 km2 during 31 years. Tillage was mostly dry land and the increase in tillage mainly came from grassland and woodland. b) The area of woodland declined from 1974 to 1995 and increased after 1995. Woodland was mainly shrub and sparse-forest and the increasing part mainly came from grassland. c) The grassland area relatively changed little and fluctuated between 1587.4 km2 and 1663.7km2. Grassland was mainly high-coverage grassland and moderate-coverage grassland. d) The changing speed of the residential and industrialized area was quickest among all land-use types. It increased 9.5 km2 in 1974 to 20.7 km2 in 2005, being mainly from tillage. e) The area of unused land always declined and decreased 12.9 km2 during 31 years. And it mostly converted into grassland and tillage. 2. Land-use changing speed continually declined as a whole in Xiaojiang Basin. The land-use change was most quick during 1974-1987. Meanwhile, land-use degree increased at all times in Xiaojiang Basin and land-use degree index increased from 210.28 in 1974 to 215.99 in 2005, and it showed that land-use was still in its development phase. And this paper forecasted development trend of land-use pattern in 2020 by using Markov Probability Model. 3.Simulation results showed that slope sediment yield was more serious in the upper reaches than the middle and lower area in Xiaojiang Basin. The sediment yield amounts were between 6.9×105 t and 8.2×105 t for four periods. Slope sediment yield mainly occurred between June and September each year, accounting for about 80%. And it also analyzed runoff observational data and found that soil erosion intensity under 3 different land-use plots was few, being 1.49~38.42 t/km2. In which, erosion intensity on bareland was largest and then sloping land. 4. This paper also studied quantitatively the sediment sources using magnetic tracer in Jiangjiagou valley. The results showed that sediments mainly came from landslide debris, accounting for 97.56%. And according to the research results, it estimated the annual sediment amount by debris flow in Xiaojiang Basin and was about 9.42×106 t. Through the study several innovative points of view are put forward as follows: 1. It analyzed land-use changes during four periods with RS and GIS, and analyzed slope sediment yield with SWAT model and observational data of runoff plots in Xiaojiang Basin. 2.It studied quantitatively the sediment sources using magnetic tracer in debris-flow gully. And it discussed the practicability of magnetic parameters applied to soil erosion, especially on the issue of sediment sources. 3.According to simulation and research results, it estimated the sediment yield by debris flow annually.
语种	中文
学科主题	自然地理学
公开日期	2010-10-20
分类号	F30;TV1
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2241]
专题	成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	贾松伟. 小江流域土地利用变化与侵蚀产沙分析[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2007.

个性服务

查看访问统计

相关权益政策

暂无数据

收藏/分享

除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。