江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区丹顶鹤的承载力

CORC > 成都山地灾害与环境研究所 > 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 > 成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）

	江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区丹顶鹤的承载力
	董科 ; 吕士成 ; Terry Healy
刊名	生态学报
	2005
卷号	25 期号:10 页码:2608-2615
关键词	丹顶鹤承载力越冬生境选择食物选择性盐城保护区
其他题名	Carrying capacity of red-crowned cranes in the national Yancheng rare birds Nature Reserve,Jiangsu Province,China
通讯作者	董科
合作状况	其它
中文摘要	江苏盐城沿海滩涂地区是世界上最大的丹顶鹤（Grus japonensis）越冬地。如今全球的丹顶鹤仅约2700只，而每年在此越冬的丹顶鹤接近世界野生个体总数的一半。因此，盐城滩涂的环境状况对于保护该物种的意义不言而喻。该地区能够容纳承养多少丹顶鹤？这是一个关键性的问题。此前尚无人就盐城滩涂对丹顶鹤的承载力作过详细分析。处于保护下的野生动物应按照“生态承载力”来分析其容纳量。由于滩涂上水源较充足，食物和隐蔽物就是丹顶鹤对生境的主要两方面需求，也即限制因子。根据2004-2005年越冬期统计的鹤数及其分布，运用Neu方法分析丹顶鹤对盐城8种不同栖息地的选择性，结果显示它们最偏爱的生境是稻田和草滩，可以栖息在芦苇（Phragmites communis）地、淡水养殖塘或大米草滩，而回避的生境是泥滩、盐田、盐地碱蓬（Suaeda salsa）滩。之后，作者用“热量法”计算了射阳基地圈养丹顶鹤的饲料成分，基本符合营养定额标准；而人工投放的玉米饲料难以保障野生鹤的生存。又按“重量法”，以丹顶鹤对各生境的利用程度为权重，估算得盐城保护区可利用的食物总量远远大于鹤群一个越冬期所需量，表明食物并非生境的决定性因子。此外，作者分析了丹顶鹤对各种主要食物的选择性，发现植物在食物总量中占比例极小，但其喜爱的食物却是植物性的稻谷和人工的玉米饲料。总而言之，其种群喜爱居留在淤长型海岸带及食物量大、距道路（人类活动）远、盐度小的栖息地。核心生境丹顶鹤的分布密度约0．8～2．5只／km^2，则1000km^2最适宜生境的容纳量为800-2500只；实际上，近10a来80％～90％的鹤群分布收缩在核心区与缓冲区（面积共641km^2），则整个保护区容纳量为570-2004只。结合这两方面考虑，作者预测盐城保护区的丹顶鹤承载力为2000-2500只，目前其数量未达饱和，种群还将增长。
英文摘要	The coastal-zone wetland in Yancheng , Jiangsu Pro vince is t he larg est w inter habit at o f t he Red-cr ow ned Cr ane ( Grus jap onensis) in the wo rld. At present, a bo ut 2700 Red-crowned Cr anes live o ver the globe. Each y ear, near ly half of the Redcrowned Cra ne po pulatio n fly to Yancheng to spend the w inter . Accor dingly, the env iro nmental conditio n of t he w etland fo r pro tectio n o f this species is of highest sig nificance. T he essential quest ion is: How many Cranes can be accommo dated ther e? The carr ying capacity o f t his habita t fo r the Red-crowned Cr ane has no t pr evio usly been studied. Pro tected w ildlif e may beanaly zed accor ding to t he pro to co l o f “eco lo gical car ry ing capacity”. Since w ater is ample in the salt marsh, the tw o vit al limiting facto rs fo r the Cr ane habit at ar e food and shelter . In this st atistical study, based o n Crane numbers and their distr ibutio n dur ing wint er o f 2004～2005, the author s adopt the “Neu technique”to analyze habit at selectio n of Red-crow ned Cr anes to 8 kinds of tidal flats in Yancheng . The r esults rev eal ( i) that the Cr anes pr eferentially select paddy fields and g rassla nds; ( ii) they a re less likely t o inhabit reed beds, aquiculture ponds and Commo n Co rdgr ass ( Sp artina ang lica) fields; and ( iii) they tend t o avo id mud flats, salt fields and Saline Seepw eed ( Suaeda salsa) flats. Subsequently, applying the “hea t quant ity metho d”, we calcula te nutr ient co nt ent in foo dstuff ing r edients of Cr anes fed at Shey ang Base, a nd discov er t ha t nutritio n achieves quo ta lev el in the main; but cor n feed distr ibut ed by the staff canno t suppor t surv iv al o f wild Cranes. T hen using the “g r avimetric method”, w ith the Cr ane utilizat ion o f each habitat as weighting , we estim ate that to tal foo d supply in the Natur e Reserv e is far gr eater than r equired by the Cra ne populat ion in one w inter ing season. This indicates that foo d supply is no t a det erminant facto r f or this habitat select ion. Mor eov er , by analy sis o f foo d selectiv ity of the Cr anes, we find t heir fav or ite foo ds ar e v eget al paddy chaff and ar tificial cor n feed, w ith natural veg etation occupy ing o nly a small pr opo rtion of their to tal foo d consumptio n. The spat ial dist ributio n of Cr anes is betw een 0. 8～2. 5 individuals per km2, so that an o pt imum habit at of 1000 km2 may contain 800～2500 Cranes. Actually Crane distribution has shrunk tow ar d a co re area and buffer ar ea in the past 10 year s ( 641km 2 in all) , so the entire Nat ur e Reser ve could suppor t 570～2004 Cr anes. In ov erv iew w e pr edict that the carr ying capacity o f the Yancheng Nature Reser ve is 2000～ 2500 Red-crowned Cra nes. Their pr esent populat ion has not achieved satur atio n capacity and has the po tential to increase in the future. In summa ry , it appea rs t ha t Red-cr ow ned Cranes pr efer to r oost in a coasta l habitat of lower salinit y wher e fo od supply is plentiful, and w hich is distant fr om human disturbance.
分类号	Q958.1
语种	中文
公开日期	2010-07-13
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/559]
专题	成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	董科,吕士成,Terry Healy. 江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区丹顶鹤的承载力[J]. 生态学报,2005,25(10):2608-2615.
APA	董科,吕士成,&Terry Healy.(2005).江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区丹顶鹤的承载力.生态学报,25(10),2608-2615.
MLA	董科,et al."江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区丹顶鹤的承载力".生态学报 25.10(2005):2608-2615.