Construction of an anti-biofouling coating on the surface has been proven to be an effective way to guarantee long-last anti-biofouling performance. However, amounts of heavy metal ions will be released, causing irreversible damage to the marine environment. In this work, a series of active components are extracted and isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Z. bungeanum), and their anti-biofouling characteristic and non-toxic to organisms are demonstrated with anti-barnacle larvae experiments and antialgae tests. Furthermore, a novel resin contained with triclosan is prepared, and different self-polishing coatings are obtained by combining the pulverized materials of the Z. bungeanum fruit/seeds/leaves with the resin. The surface morphology, mechanical properties and anti-biofouling performance of the coatings are shown that incorporating the triclosan into self-polishing acrylic resin can improve broad-spectrum anti-biofouling properties, the algae adhesion densities (Amphora sp. and Porphyridium sp.) on the resin are almost to zero. According to the results of surface wettability, water resistance and anti-biofouling properties tests, it can be concluded that the coating with pulverized Z. bungeanum seeds (CWS) has a hydrophobic surface, it can continuously release antifoulant under seawater, exhibiting excellent anti-biofouling performances. This work therefore suggests Z. bungeanum can be used as a potential agent for developing environmentally friendly antifouling coatings.