Expression of B-class MADS-box genes in response to variations in photoperiod is associated with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flower development in Viola philippica

doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0832-2

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	Expression of B-class MADS-box genes in response to variations in photoperiod is associated with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flower development in Viola philippica
	Li, Qiaoxia ; Huo, Qingdi ; Wang, Juan ; Zhao, Jing 1; Sun, Kun ; He, Chaoying 1
刊名	BMC PLANT BIOLOGY
	2016
卷号	16
关键词	Adaptive evolution Dimorphic flower Gene expression MADS-box gene Photoperiod Viola philippica
ISSN号	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-016-0832-2
文献子类	Article
英文摘要	Background: Some plants develop a breeding system that produces both chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL) flowers. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Results: In the present study, we observed that Viola philippica develops CH flowers with short daylight, whereas an extended photoperiod induces the formation of intermediate CL and CL flowers. In response to long daylight, the respective number and size of petals and stamens was lower and smaller than those of normally developed CH flowers, and a minimum of 14-h light induced complete CL flowers that had no petals but developed two stamens of reduced fertility. The floral ABC model indicates that B-class MADS- box genes largely influence the development of the affected two-whorl floral organs; therefore, we focused on characterizing these genes in V. philippica to understand this particular developmental transition. Three such genes were isolated and respectively designated as VpTM6-1, VpTM6-2, and VpPI. These were differentially expressed during floral development (particularly in petals and stamens) and the highest level of expression was observed in CH flowers; significantly low levels were detected in intermediate CL flowers, and the lowest level in CL flowers. The observed variations in the levels of expression after floral induction and organogenesis apparently occurred in response to variations in photoperiod. Conclusions: Therefore, inhibition of the development of petals and stamens might be due to the downregulation of B-class MADS- box gene expression by long daylight, thereby inducing the generation of CL flowers. Our work contributes to the understanding of the adaptive evolutionary formation of dimorphic flowers in plants.
学科主题	Plant Sciences
出版地	LONDON
WOS关键词	FLORAL HOMEOTIC GENES ; ORGAN IDENTITY ; NEO-FUNCTIONALIZATION ; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA ; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION ; FEMALE FLOWERS ; APETALA3 ; EVOLUTION ; PISTILLATA ; TRANSCRIPTION
WOS研究方向	Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
语种	英语
出版者	BMC
WOS记录号	WOS:000379308700001
资助机构	NSFCNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31560066, 31260054] ; Young Teachers Improving Program from the Northwest Normal University [NWNU-LKQN-13-20] ; CAS/SAFEA International Partner Program for Creative Research Teams of Systematic and Evolution Botany
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/25082]
专题	系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室
作者单位	1.Northwest Normal Univ, Life Sci Coll, Anning East Rd 967, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Li, Qiaoxia,Huo, Qingdi,Wang, Juan,et al. Expression of B-class MADS-box genes in response to variations in photoperiod is associated with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flower development in Viola philippica[J]. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY,2016,16.
APA	Li, Qiaoxia,Huo, Qingdi,Wang, Juan,Zhao, Jing,Sun, Kun,&He, Chaoying.(2016).Expression of B-class MADS-box genes in response to variations in photoperiod is associated with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flower development in Viola philippica.BMC PLANT BIOLOGY,16.
MLA	Li, Qiaoxia,et al."Expression of B-class MADS-box genes in response to variations in photoperiod is associated with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flower development in Viola philippica".BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 16(2016).