Seventeen phenolic glycosides were isolated from the Nitraria sibirica. Their structures were identified by the spectroscopic data and comparison with literatures as isovanillyl alcohol-7-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1), benzyl beta-primeveroside (2), benzyl-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (3), 1-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-4-(8-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl (4), dehydrosyringin (5), trans-ferulic acid-4-O-beta-d-glucoside (6), cis-ferulic acid 4-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (7), glucosyringic acid (8), 1-O-feruloyl-beta-d-glucoside (9), sachaloside VII (10), (3S, 5R, 6R, 7E, 9S)-megastigmane-7-ene-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-9-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside(11), 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol (12), pinoresinol 4-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (13), eucommin A (14), isoeucommin A (15), acanthoside (16), liriodendrin (17). All these compounds except compound 13 were isolated from the Nitraria genus for the first time. In bioactivity assays for all compounds, the compounds 8 and 15 were exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 18.11 and 16.29 mu M respectively), while compounds 3 and 11 were exhibited strong PTP1B enzymatic inhibition (IC50 = 6.97 and 11.76 mu M, respectively). Furthermore, the compounds 10 and 17 were presented strong inhibitory capacities against Candida albicans (14.5 and 13.5 mm, respectively).