An underwater mining navigation method based on an improved particle filter ( PF) is proposed to solve the problems of non-Gaussian and intense measurement noise during underwater mining，and a new resampling algorithm is designed，as an improvement，to eliminate the influences of particle degeneration and particle impoverishment of PF． Compared to the resampling algorithms， the proposed algorithm avoids particle impoverishment and improves estimation accuracy． Finally， the estimation accuracies of underwater mining navigation algorithms based on the improved PF and the unscented Kalman filter ( UKF) are compared by combining the lake trial data and underwater mining navigation model． The results of simulation experiments manifest that the proposed method has more accurate estimation and remarkable robustness．