Pseudocochlodinium profundisulcus Resting Cysts Detected in the Ballast Tank Sediment of Ships Arriving in the Ports of China and North America and the Implications in the Species' Geographic Distribution and Possible Invasion

doi:10.3390/ijerph19010299

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	Pseudocochlodinium profundisulcus Resting Cysts Detected in the Ballast Tank Sediment of Ships Arriving in the Ports of China and North America and the Implications in the Species' Geographic Distribution and Possible Invasion
	Shang, Lixia 2,3,4; Zhai, Xinyu 4; Tian, Wen 1; Liu, Yuyang 2,3,4; Han, Yangchun 1; Deng, Yunyan 2,3,4; Hu, Zhangxi 2,3,4; Tang, Ying Zhong 2,3,4
刊名	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
	2022
卷号	19 期号:1 页码:11
关键词	biological invasion dinoflagellate harmful algal blooms (HABs) Pseudocochlodinium profundisulcus resting cyst ships' ballast tank sediment
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19010299
通讯作者	Hu, Zhangxi(zhu@qdio.ac.cn) ; Tang, Ying Zhong(yingzhong.tang@qdio.ac.cn)
英文摘要	Over the past several decades, much attention has been focused on the dispersal of aquatic nonindigenous species via ballast tanks of shipping vessels worldwide. The recently reclassified dinoflagellate Pseudocochlodinium profundisulcus (previously identified as Cochlodinium sp., Cochlodinium geminatum, or Polykrikos geminatus) was not reported in China until 2006. However, algal blooming events caused by this organism have been reported almost every year since then in the Pearl River Estuary and its adjacent areas in China. Whether P. profundisulcus is an indigenous or an invasive species has thus become an ecological question of great scientific and practical significance. In this study, we collected the sediments from ballast tanks of ships arriving in the ports of China and North America and characterized dinoflagellate resting cysts via a combined approach. We germinated two dark brownish cysts from the tank of an international ship (Vessel A) arriving at the Jiangyin Port (China) into vegetative cells and identified them as P. profundisulcus by light and scanning electron microscopy and phylogenetic analyses for partial LSU rDNA sequences. We also identified P. profundisulcus cyst from the ballast tank sediment of a ship (Vessel B) arriving in the port of North America via single-cyst PCR and cloning sequencing, which indicated that this species could be transported as resting cyst via ship. Since phylogenetic analyses based on partial LSU rDNA sequences could not differentiate all sequences among our cysts from those deposited in the NCBI database into sub-groups, all populations from China, Australia, Japan, and the original sources from which the cysts in the two vessels arrived in China and North America were carried over appeared to share a very recent common ancestor, and the species may have experienced a worldwide expansion recently. These results indicate that P. profundisulcus cysts may have been extensively transferred to many regions of the world via ships' ballast tank sediments. While our work provides an exemplary case for both the feasibility and complexity (in tracking the source) of the bio-invasion risk via the transport of live resting cysts by ship's ballast tanks, it also points out an orientation for future investigation.
资助项目	National Natural Science Foundation of China[41976134] ; Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China[2018FY100200] ; Research Projects of General Administration of Customs[2021HK157]
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
语种	英语
出版者	MDPI
WOS记录号	WOS:000750895600001
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/177966]
专题	海洋研究所_海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室
通讯作者	Hu, Zhangxi; Tang, Ying Zhong
作者单位	1.Comprehens Tech Serv Ctr Jiangyin Customs, State Key Lab Ballast Water Res, Wuxi 214440, Jiangsu, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Ocean Mega Sci, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China 3.Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao 266237, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, CAS Key Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Shang, Lixia,Zhai, Xinyu,Tian, Wen,et al. Pseudocochlodinium profundisulcus Resting Cysts Detected in the Ballast Tank Sediment of Ships Arriving in the Ports of China and North America and the Implications in the Species' Geographic Distribution and Possible Invasion[J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH,2022,19(1):11.
APA	Shang, Lixia.,Zhai, Xinyu.,Tian, Wen.,Liu, Yuyang.,Han, Yangchun.,...&Tang, Ying Zhong.(2022).Pseudocochlodinium profundisulcus Resting Cysts Detected in the Ballast Tank Sediment of Ships Arriving in the Ports of China and North America and the Implications in the Species' Geographic Distribution and Possible Invasion.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH,19(1),11.
MLA	Shang, Lixia,et al."Pseudocochlodinium profundisulcus Resting Cysts Detected in the Ballast Tank Sediment of Ships Arriving in the Ports of China and North America and the Implications in the Species' Geographic Distribution and Possible Invasion".INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 19.1(2022):11.