The fraction of ionizing radiation from massive stars that escapes to the intergalactic medium

doi:10.1093/mnras/sty3460

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	The fraction of ionizing radiation from massive stars that escapes to the intergalactic medium
	Tanvir, N. R.3,4; Fynbo, J. P. U.5; de Ugarte Postigo, A.1; Japelj, J.6; Wiersema, K.3,4,7; Malesani, D.5; Perley, D. A.8; Levan, A. J.7; Selsing, J.5; Cenko, S. B.9,10
刊名	MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
	2019-03-01
卷号	483 期号:4 页码:5380-5408
关键词	gamma-ray burst: general intergalactic medium galaxies: ISM dark ages, reionization, first stars
ISSN号	0035-8711
DOI	10.1093/mnras/sty3460
英文摘要	Whether stars could have driven the reionization of the intergalactic medium depends critically on the proportion of ionizing radiation that escapes the galaxies in which it is produced. Spectroscopy of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows can be used to estimate the opacity to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation along the lines-of-sight to the bursts. Assuming that long-duration GRBs trace the locations of the massive stars dominating EUV production, the average escape fraction of ionizing radiation can be calculated independently of galaxy size or luminosity. Here we present a compilation of H I column density (N-H I) measures for 140 GRBs in the range 1.6 < z < 6.7. Although the sample is heterogeneous, in terms of spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, fits to the Ly alpha absorption line provide robust constraints on N-H I, even for spectra of insufficient quality for other purposes. Thus we establish an escape fraction at the Lyman limit of < f(esc)> approximate to 0.005, with a 98 per cent confidence upper limit of < f(esc)> approximate to 0.015. This analysis suggests that stars provide a small contribution to the ionizing radiation budget at z < 5. At higher redshifts firm conclusions are limited by the small size of the GRB sample (7/140), but any decline in average H I column density seems to be modest. We also find no significant correlation of N-H I with galaxy UV luminosity or host stellar mass. We discuss in some detail potential biases and argue that, while not negligible, systematic errors in f(esc) are unlikely to be more than a factor similar to 2 in either direction, and so would not affect the primary conclusions. Given that many GRB hosts are low-metallicity dwarf galaxies with high specific star-formation rates, these results present a particular problem for the hypothesis that such galaxies dominated the reionization of the Universe.
资助项目	La Silla Paranal Observatory[280.D-5059] ; La Silla Paranal Observatory[081.A-0856] ; La Silla Paranal Observatory[082.A-0301] ; La Silla Paranal Observatory[083.A-0644] ; La Silla Paranal Observatory[091.A-0442] ; La Silla Paranal Observatory[100.D-0649] ; La Silla Paranal Observatory[102.D-0662] ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias[31-014] ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias[32-010] ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias[39-023] ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias[48-005] ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias[51-504] ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias[A26TAC_63] ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias[A32TAC_5] ; Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie(NOVA) ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) - The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) ; Icelandic Research Fund[162948-051] ; Spanish research project[AYA2014-58381-P] ; Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion[IJCI-2015-26153] ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)[ST/L000733/1] ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)[ST/N000757/1] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)[NNX15AP95A] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)[NNX08AR22G] ; Ramon y Cajal fellowship[RyC-2012-09975] ; 2016 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Swift grant[NNX16AB04G] ; National Science Foundation[AST-1238877] ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; University of Arizona ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brookhaven National Laboratory ; Carnegie Mellon University ; University of Florida ; French Participation Group ; German Participation Group ; Harvard University ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group ; Johns Hopkins University ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics ; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; University of Portsmouth ; Princeton University ; Spanish Participation Group ; University of Tokyo ; University of Utah ; Vanderbilt University ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; Yale University ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union[725246] ; [W09AN001] ; [W/2017A/23]
WOS关键词	GAMMA-RAY BURST ; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE ; LYMAN-CONTINUUM EMISSION ; HIGH COLUMN DENSITY ; HOST GALAXY ; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW ; RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY ; COSMIC REIONIZATION ; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM ; RISING AFTERGLOW
WOS研究方向	Astronomy & Astrophysics
语种	英语
出版者	OXFORD UNIV PRESS
WOS记录号	WOS:000462281900080
资助机构	La Silla Paranal Observatory ; La Silla Paranal Observatory ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie(NOVA) ; Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie(NOVA) ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) - The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) - The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) ; Icelandic Research Fund ; Icelandic Research Fund ; Spanish research project ; Spanish research project ; Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion ; Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ; Ramon y Cajal fellowship ; Ramon y Cajal fellowship ; 2016 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators ; 2016 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Swift grant ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Swift grant ; National Science Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; University of Arizona ; University of Arizona ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brookhaven National Laboratory ; Brookhaven National Laboratory ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Carnegie Mellon University ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; French Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; German Participation Group ; German Participation Group ; Harvard University ; Harvard University ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group ; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group ; Johns Hopkins University ; Johns Hopkins University ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics ; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics ; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics ; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics ; New Mexico State University ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; New York University ; Ohio State University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Portsmouth ; Princeton University ; Princeton University ; Spanish Participation Group ; Spanish Participation Group ; University of Tokyo ; University of Tokyo ; University of Utah ; University of Utah ; Vanderbilt University ; Vanderbilt University ; University of Virginia ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Washington ; Yale University ; Yale University ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union ; La Silla Paranal Observatory ; La Silla Paranal Observatory ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie(NOVA) ; Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie(NOVA) ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) - The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) - The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) ; Icelandic Research Fund ; Icelandic Research Fund ; Spanish research project ; Spanish research project ; Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion ; Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ; Ramon y Cajal fellowship ; Ramon y Cajal fellowship ; 2016 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators ; 2016 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Swift grant ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Swift grant ; National Science Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; University of Arizona ; University of Arizona ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brookhaven National Laboratory ; Brookhaven National Laboratory ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Carnegie Mellon University ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; French Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; German Participation Group ; German Participation Group ; Harvard University ; Harvard University ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group ; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group ; Johns Hopkins University ; Johns Hopkins University ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics ; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics ; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics ; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics ; New Mexico State University ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; New York University ; Ohio State University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Portsmouth ; Princeton University ; Princeton University ; Spanish Participation Group ; Spanish Participation Group ; University of Tokyo ; University of Tokyo ; University of Utah ; University of Utah ; Vanderbilt University ; Vanderbilt University ; University of Virginia ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Washington ; Yale University ; Yale University ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union ; La Silla Paranal Observatory ; La Silla Paranal Observatory ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie(NOVA) ; Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie(NOVA) ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) - The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) - The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) ; Icelandic Research Fund ; Icelandic Research Fund ; Spanish research project ; Spanish research project ; Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion ; Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ; Ramon y Cajal fellowship ; Ramon y Cajal fellowship ; 2016 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators ; 2016 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Swift grant ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Swift grant ; National Science Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; University of Arizona ; University of Arizona ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brookhaven National Laboratory ; Brookhaven National Laboratory ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Carnegie Mellon University ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; French Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; German Participation Group ; German Participation Group ; Harvard University ; Harvard University ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group ; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group ; Johns Hopkins University ; Johns Hopkins University ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics ; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics ; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics ; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics ; New Mexico State University ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; New York University ; Ohio State University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Portsmouth ; Princeton University ; Princeton University ; Spanish Participation Group ; Spanish Participation Group ; University of Tokyo ; University of Tokyo ; University of Utah ; University of Utah ; Vanderbilt University ; Vanderbilt University ; University of Virginia ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Washington ; Yale University ; Yale University ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union ; La Silla Paranal Observatory ; La Silla Paranal Observatory ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie(NOVA) ; Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie(NOVA) ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) - The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) ; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) - The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) ; Icelandic Research Fund ; Icelandic Research Fund ; Spanish research project ; Spanish research project ; Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion ; Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ; Ramon y Cajal fellowship ; Ramon y Cajal fellowship ; 2016 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators ; 2016 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Swift grant ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Swift grant ; National Science Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; National Science Foundation ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ; University of Arizona ; University of Arizona ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brookhaven National Laboratory ; Brookhaven National Laboratory ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Carnegie Mellon University ; University of Florida ; University of Florida ; French Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; German Participation Group ; German Participation Group ; Harvard University ; Harvard University ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group ; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group ; Johns Hopkins University ; Johns Hopkins University ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics ; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics ; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics ; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics ; New Mexico State University ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; New York University ; Ohio State University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Portsmouth ; Princeton University ; Princeton University ; Spanish Participation Group ; Spanish Participation Group ; University of Tokyo ; University of Tokyo ; University of Utah ; University of Utah ; Vanderbilt University ; Vanderbilt University ; University of Virginia ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Washington ; Yale University ; Yale University ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union ; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.bao.ac.cn/handle/114a11/25723]
专题	中国科学院国家天文台
通讯作者	Tanvir, N. R.
作者单位	1.CSIC, IAA, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain 2.Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany 3.Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England 4.Univ Leicester, Leicester Inst Space & Earth Observat, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England 5.Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark 6.Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, POB 94249, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands 7.Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England 8.Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, IC2 Liverpool Sci Pk,146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside, England 9.NASAs Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA 10.Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Tanvir, N. R.,Fynbo, J. P. U.,de Ugarte Postigo, A.,et al. The fraction of ionizing radiation from massive stars that escapes to the intergalactic medium[J]. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY,2019,483(4):5380-5408.
APA	Tanvir, N. R..,Fynbo, J. P. U..,de Ugarte Postigo, A..,Japelj, J..,Wiersema, K..,...&Xu, D..(2019).The fraction of ionizing radiation from massive stars that escapes to the intergalactic medium.MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY,483(4),5380-5408.
MLA	Tanvir, N. R.,et al."The fraction of ionizing radiation from massive stars that escapes to the intergalactic medium".MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 483.4(2019):5380-5408.