Analysis of Chang'E-2 brightness temperature data and production of high spatial resolution microwave maps of the Moon

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.09.036

CORC > 国家天文台 > 中国科学院国家天文台

	Analysis of Chang'E-2 brightness temperature data and production of high spatial resolution microwave maps of the Moon
	Zheng, Yong-Chun 5,6; Chan, Kwing Lam 6; Tsang, Ken T.2; Zhu, Yong-Chao 1; Hu, Guo Ping 6; Blewett, David T.3; Neish, Catherine 4
刊名	ICARUS
	2019-02-01
卷号	319 页码:627-644
关键词	Moon Chang'E-2 Microwave brightness temperature Loss tangent Regolith structure
ISSN号	0019-1035
DOI	10.1016/j.icarus.2018.09.036
英文摘要	The microwave radiation passively emitted from the Moon is valuable for investigating the physical properties of the lunar regolith. Microwave maps, which can reveal subsurface characteristics at depths of centimeters to meters, give clues to understanding the evolution of the lunar surface. China's Chang'E-2 (CE-2) spacecraft carried a microwave radiometer (MRM) and conducted passive microwave remote sensing of the Moon at 3, 7.8, 19.35 and 37 GHz (10, 3.84, 1.55 and 0.81 cm wavelengths) during 2010-2011. Brightness temperature (TB) data derived from the MRM orbital observations cover the entire Moon, and the time coverage is over a complete lunation. In this paper, we use spherical harmonic fits to model the TB variation as functions of local time and latitude. Using these fits, we normalized the day-and nighttime TB data measured at various local times into noon-time and midnight conditions. The spatial sampling of the normalized TB maps is similar to 6 km/pixel, much higher than ground-based observations and higher resolution than the MRM maps derived from Chang'E-1. By removing the variation in TB related to local time and latitude, we produced a series of microwave maps that reveal differences in the properties of the regolith across the lunar surface. The microwave behavior of various lunar surface features can be explained primarily by differences in the microwave loss tangent of the materials. For example, we find that the high-Ti maria have high daytime TB and exhibit lower nighttime TB than the other maria as a result of the high dielectric loss tangent of ilmenite. The ilmenite-rich materials are less transparent to microwaves, and hence emissions emerge from closer to the surface, which is heated strongly in the day and cools quickly at night. Most fresh craters correspond to low-TB spots in the nighttime microwave maps, in contrast to their behavior as hot spots in nighttime infrared data, suggesting that the higher loss tangent of rocks (compared to soils) suppresses microwave emission at night. The Aristarchus plateau has a lower loss tangent relative to its surroundings because it is blanketed by fine-grained, rock-poor pyroclastic material. The pyroclastic blanket is more transparent to microwaves than the nearby maria, causing the plateau to have relatively cool daytime TB and warm nighttime TB as a consequence of microwave emissions that originate at greater depths The Orientale basin is another prominent anomaly in the microwave maps, indicating that Orientale materials differ in thermophysical and/or dielectric properties from typical highland lithologies. Brightness temperature differences among prominent rayed craters indicate that the very youngest crater rays (e.g., Giordano Bruno) have lower thermal inertia than older but still optically immature rays (e.g., Tycho).
资助项目	NSFC[41490633] ; NSFC[11761161001] ; Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau[119/2017/A3] ; Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau[020/2014/A1] ; United International College[UIC/R201626] ; Chinese Academy of Sciences[2015VEB057] ; NASA Lunar Data Analysis Program[NNX16AN55G]
WOS关键词	LUNAR-SURFACE ; REGOLITH PROPERTIES ; THERMAL-BEHAVIOR ; HIGH-FREQUENCY ; MARE IMBRIUM ; TIO2 CONTENT ; HEAT-FLOW ; EMISSION ; SPECTRUM ; FEATURES
WOS研究方向	Astronomy & Astrophysics
语种	英语
出版者	ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
WOS记录号	WOS:000455422800041
资助机构	NSFC ; NSFC ; Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau ; Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau ; United International College ; United International College ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; NASA Lunar Data Analysis Program ; NASA Lunar Data Analysis Program ; NSFC ; NSFC ; Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau ; Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau ; United International College ; United International College ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; NASA Lunar Data Analysis Program ; NASA Lunar Data Analysis Program ; NSFC ; NSFC ; Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau ; Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau ; United International College ; United International College ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; NASA Lunar Data Analysis Program ; NASA Lunar Data Analysis Program ; NSFC ; NSFC ; Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau ; Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau ; United International College ; United International College ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; NASA Lunar Data Analysis Program ; NASA Lunar Data Analysis Program
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.bao.ac.cn/handle/114a11/24670]
专题	中国科学院国家天文台
通讯作者	Zheng, Yong-Chun
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Inst Ecoenvironm Land Agrometeorol, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China 2.BNU HKBU United Int Coll, Zhuhai, Peoples R China 3.Johns Hopkins Univ, Planetary Explorat Grp, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA 4.Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON, Canada 5.Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China 6.Macau Univ Sci & Technol, Lunar & Planetary Sci Lab, Macau, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zheng, Yong-Chun,Chan, Kwing Lam,Tsang, Ken T.,et al. Analysis of Chang'E-2 brightness temperature data and production of high spatial resolution microwave maps of the Moon[J]. ICARUS,2019,319:627-644.
APA	Zheng, Yong-Chun.,Chan, Kwing Lam.,Tsang, Ken T..,Zhu, Yong-Chao.,Hu, Guo Ping.,...&Neish, Catherine.(2019).Analysis of Chang'E-2 brightness temperature data and production of high spatial resolution microwave maps of the Moon.ICARUS,319,627-644.
MLA	Zheng, Yong-Chun,et al."Analysis of Chang'E-2 brightness temperature data and production of high spatial resolution microwave maps of the Moon".ICARUS 319(2019):627-644.