Hexactins in the 'protomonaxonid' sponge Choiaella and proposal of Ascospongiae (class nov.) as a formal replacement for the Protomonaxonida

doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1823

	Hexactins in the 'protomonaxonid' sponge Choiaella and proposal of Ascospongiae (class nov.) as a formal replacement for the Protomonaxonida
	Botting, Joseph R.1,2
刊名	BULLETIN OF GEOSCIENCES
	2021
卷号	96 期号:3 页码:265-277
关键词	Porifera Cambrian evolution protomonaxonid Choiaella sponge
ISSN号	1214-1119
DOI	10.3140/bull.geosci.1823
通讯作者	Botting, Joseph R.(acutipuerilis@yahoo.co.uk)
英文摘要	The protomonaxonid sponges are a controversial early group with supposed ties to the demosponges, but the group also possesses features that imply a much earlier-branching position in sponge evolution. A new species, Choiaella hexactinophora sp. nov., shows a typical protomonaxonid body plan but also contains small hexactin-based spicules, a skeletal element today restricted to the class Hexactinellida, but which has been proposed to be plesiomorphic for Porifera and lost in the other living classes. This finding from the Castle Bank fauna (Middle Ordovician of the Builth Inlier, Wales, UK) confirms continuity of the protomonaxonid lineage, as hexactins are also known from fossils interpreted to be among the earliest members of the group. The presence of hexactins effectively rules out a demosponge affinity, and supports previous interpretations requiring the protomonaxonids to be treated as an earlybranching sponge clade rather than assigning them to an extant class. To facilitate this, this paper proposes a formal replacement of the majority of the group as the Ascospongiae nov., an extinct class within Porifera.
资助项目	Holloway Bursary from the Warwickshire Geological Conservation Group
WOS关键词	ORDOVICIAN ; PORIFERA ; SHALE ; BIOTA ; CALCARONEA ; DEMOSPONGE ; PHYLOGENY ; DIVERSITY ; WALES
WOS研究方向	Geology ; Paleontology
语种	英语
出版者	CZECH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
WOS记录号	WOS:000678010600002
资助机构	Holloway Bursary from the Warwickshire Geological Conservation Group
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.nigpas.ac.cn/handle/332004/38453]
专题	中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所
通讯作者	Botting, Joseph R.
作者单位	1.Amgueddfa Cymru Natl Museum Wales, Dept Nat Sci, Cathays Pk, Cardiff CF10 3N1, Wales 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geol & Palaeontol, 39 East Beijing Rd, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Botting, Joseph R.. Hexactins in the 'protomonaxonid' sponge Choiaella and proposal of Ascospongiae (class nov.) as a formal replacement for the Protomonaxonida[J]. BULLETIN OF GEOSCIENCES,2021,96(3):265-277.
APA	Botting, Joseph R..(2021).Hexactins in the 'protomonaxonid' sponge Choiaella and proposal of Ascospongiae (class nov.) as a formal replacement for the Protomonaxonida.BULLETIN OF GEOSCIENCES,96(3),265-277.
MLA	Botting, Joseph R.."Hexactins in the 'protomonaxonid' sponge Choiaella and proposal of Ascospongiae (class nov.) as a formal replacement for the Protomonaxonida".BULLETIN OF GEOSCIENCES 96.3(2021):265-277.