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题名	天山雪莲的繁育及引种初探
作者	赵倩
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2010-05-24
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
导师	王晓东
关键词	天山雪莲 种子萌发 无土栽培 温室育苗 GGR-6
其他题名	Breeding and preliminary introduction of saussurea involucrata
学位专业	生化化工
中文摘要	天山雪莲是传统的珍稀药材，分布于新疆的高海拔地区，由于自然状态下种子萌发率低，人为采挖过度，目前已呈濒危状态。本论文以天山雪莲为对象，进行了天山雪莲在北京的繁育和引种初探，主要包括：种子萌发特性研究，环境因子对天山雪莲幼苗生长发育的影响，温室育苗、多倍体诱变及初步的引种地移栽试验，为天山雪莲在北京的引种栽培和进一步驯化成功提供理论支持和经验积累。天山雪莲种子萌发研究结果表明，经Mg2+、Zn2+、Cu2+分别浸泡处理后，种子活力无显著提高，正交试验优化的最佳种子处理条件为：Ca2+、PEG-4000、GA3浓度分别为20 mmol/L、40 g/L、200 mg/L，20 ℃浸泡种子48 h，此条件下种子活力指数最高，比对照提高了68.6 %。环境因子分析显示天山雪莲属阳性植物，可以适应北京地区的光照条件，保持较高湿度有利于天山雪莲的生长；确定了其半致死温度是39.6 ℃,日蒸腾速率在下午3点最高达254.4 g/( m2h)，在北京地区引种应该注意适当遮阴降温；喜疏松肥沃的土壤，生理适宜生长pH为5.7-5.9。不同季节和方式的温室育苗发现，冬季（12月-次年3月）周转箱育苗的出苗率高，可达到70.8 %，且生长迅速而茁壮，较夏季（5月-8月）营养钵育苗表现出明显优势。用HPLC法检测3个月苗龄的栽培天山雪莲叶中绿原酸、紫丁香苷、芦丁的含量，分别为1.32 mg/g、1.99 mg/g和0.68 mg/g。无土栽培育苗方式可以显著改善天山雪莲苗的根系发育，通过设计均匀试验和偏小二乘回归分析无土栽培营养液的大量元素，得到营养液的最佳配比为：尿素250.00 mg/L，硫酸镁50.00 mg/L，磷酸二氢钾1300 mg/L，硝酸钙1330 mg/L，综合指标的最优目标函数为14.8789。对天山雪莲愈伤组织诱变条件进行了优化，最佳诱变条件为：MS培养基上添加60 mg/L秋水仙素和1g/L二甲基亚砜，处理两天，经再生途径获得多倍体植株，并通过外部形态和气孔的微观特征对多倍体植株做了鉴定。改进了天山雪莲组培育苗的方法，筛选出最佳生根诱导培养基为MS+5.0 mg/L GGR-6+0.2 mg/L IAA+蔗糖20 g/L+4.5 %琼脂，最佳诱导温度为20 ℃，在此条件下丛生芽的生根率达100 %，平均根数11.0，平均根长0.36 cm。 缓苗试验证明，天山雪莲苗可以适应北京灵山生态园的气候环境。
英文摘要	Saussurea involucrata distributed in high altitude area of Xinjiang is one of valuable and rare medicinal herbs. Because of very low germination rate under natural conditions and excessive exploitation, it presents a critically endangered status. The breeding and preliminary introduction of S. involucrata in Beijing were investigated. The study involves seed germination, the effects of environmental factors on seedling growth, raising seedlings in greenhouse and soilless culture of S. involucrata, regeneration of diploidy and polyploidy seedlings. The results provided theory and experience supports to introduction and further domestication of S. involucrate in Beijing. The experiment results of seed germination showed that Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ didn’t show the positive effects on vigor of S. involucrata seeds. However, compared with the control group, the vigor index increased by 68.6 % when the seeds were doused for 48 h in the solution with 20 mmol/L Ca2+, 40 g/L PEG-4000 and 200 mg/L GA3. The analysis of environmental factors indicated that S. involucrata was sun-loving species which could adapt to lighting in Beijing, and keeping a higher humidity was beneficial to seedling growth. The semilethal temperature of S. involucrate was 39.6 ℃, the transpiration rate reached the peak of 254.4 g/(m2h) at 3:00 PM. So in the process of introduction in Beijing, we should plant their seedlings in a somewhat shady place; it preferred to a loose, breathable and fertile soil. Its optimal physiological pH was 5.7-5.9. Greenhouse seedlings showed that the seedlings cultivated in tote box in winter were better than those in nutrition pot in summer, for example, the former emergence rate of seedlings was up to 70.8 %, achieving higher growth vigor. At the same time, contents of chlorogenic acid、syringin and rutin in the seedling leaves at the seedling age of three months in Beijing were detected by HPLC. They were 1.32 mg/g，1.99 mg/g and 0.68 mg/g respectively. Root growth of S. involucrata was improved remarkably by soilless culture. Through uniform design and regressive analysis with partial least square algorithm, the optimal macroelement proportioning of nutrient solution was determined: (NH2)2CO 250 mg/L, MgSO4 50 mg/L, KH2PO4 1300 mg/L, Ca(NO3)2 1330 mg/L. The optimum objective function is 14.8789. The optimal mutation medium was MS supplemented with 60 mg/L colchicine and 1 g/L dimethyl sulfoxide. Regenerated polyploid plant was identified by morphological characteristics and stoma pattern of leaves in SEM. A novel method in differentiation of adventitious root in vitro was developed. The optimized root induction medium was MS supplemented with 5.0 mg/L GGR-6, 0.2 mg/L IAA, 20 g/L sugar, 4.5 % agar. The root induction rate、average number of roots、average length of root were 100 %, 11.0, 0.36 cm respectively after 20-day culture. Seedling recovery test proved that S. involucrate seedlings could adapt to the climatic environment of Lingshan Ecological Garden in Beijing.
语种	中文
公开日期	2013-09-22
页码	118
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1620]
专题	过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	赵倩. 天山雪莲的繁育及引种初探[D]. 中国科学院研究生院. 2010.

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