| 题名 | 胶性沫体系统研究及应用 |
| 作者 | 戴玉杰 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2004 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 |
| 导师 | 邓彤 |
| 关键词 | 胶性气沫 胶性乳沫 萃取 分离 微细粉 |
| 其他题名 | Colloidal Aphron Dispersion and Their Applications |
| 学位专业 | 化学工艺 |
| 中文摘要 | 本论文研究了胶性沫体系（Collofdal Aphrons）。在完善现有胶性沫体系的表征方法和扩展其应用的同时，着重建立新的胶性沫体系并探索其应用，取得了以下几个方面的创新性研究结果：提出了一种胶性气沫（Colloidal Gas Aphrons）微泡稳定化新方法。通过在胶性气沫微泡外包覆一薄层硅胶凝胶，使体系在保持流动性的条件下微泡形貌和尺度能够长时间不变化，提供了方便、准确地表征胶性气沫微泡形貌、尺度的一种有效方法。胶性气沫具有巨大的表面积，作为强化气液传质的手段，发现不同表面活性剂对其强化氧气气液传质影响存在不同规律。实验表明，采用十二烷基硫酸钠作为表面活性剂制成的胶性气沫可以有效提高氧气的气液体积传质系数，为强化各种气－液和气一液一固反应提供了有益的借鉴。将乳状液膜萃取与反萃藕合的思想引入胶性沫体系，发展了一种新颖的微米级胶性沫体系，即多层表面活性剂皂壳包封的乳状液滴体系一胶性乳沫（C olloid缸Emulsion Aphrons，CEAs）。乳核尺度在10μm-100μm，分散在乳核（内相）中的水滴尺度在1μm-5μm左右，相体积比PvR可达10。将胶性乳沫应用于萃取过程，它兼具胶性液沫（CLAs）高分散性、大比表面、快速传质的特点以及乳状液膜（ELNI）将萃取与反萃结合为一体、高浓缩比、逆浓度梯度萃取的优点。适合于不能或难以充分搅拌体系的快速萃取过程，如服药过量或误服化学品的急救处理等。以水杨酸为模型药物模拟胃液酸性环境，进行了CEAs对于服药过量急救处理的体外实验研究。采取I型促进萃取过程，以碳酸钠为内相解析剂，在半分钟内可将料相中98．7％以上的水杨酸除去。膜相中加入流动载体二（2-乙基己基）磷酸（P204）的CEAs可以通过II型促进萃取机理有效地将金属离子Cu2＋转移至内相，萃取速率数十倍于乳状液膜，显示了CEAs在人体重金属中毒的急救处理中的应用潜力。CEAs可以作为制备微细粉体材料的微反应体系。本文以还原剂抗坏血酸为内相解析剂，通过控制内相反萃剂浓度，料相溶质浓度以及载体浓度等条件，对生成的银微细粉形貌和粒度进行控制，制得银“纳米多孔微球”，并用场发射扫描电镜、差热一热重和苏射线粉末衍射物相分析对其性质进行了表征。通过在料相中将不同溶质逐次加入进行CEA萃取，先加入的溶质萃取至内相沉淀构成基体，第二种溶质萃取至内相解析后沉积于基体上，形成对基体的包覆，可以制得微细复合粉体材料。将基体材料制备和表面包覆在一个体系内完成，中间无需分离，简化了操作步骤。本论文尝试制备了Ag/CaCO3微细粉，并通过控制载体浓度，溶质浓度等手段对材料形貌和尺度进行控制，得到Ag/CaCO3“多孔微球”。能谱分析和场发射扫描电镜分析结果表明，此种方法可以实现对基体的充分包覆。 |
| 英文摘要 | This dissertation studies on colloidal aphron dispersions. With consummatating the characterization methods and extending the applications of existing colloidal aphrons, a new kind of colloidal aphron dispersion, colloidal emulsion aphron was put forward and its properties and applications were investigated. The main achievements are as follows: A new method to stabilize the micro bubbles in colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) was developed by encapsulation with silicic sol. The micro bubble sizes and shapes can be stabilized with little change for a long period, which facilitate the view and correctly determination of CGAs' size distribution. The enhancement of gas-liquid mass transfer with CGA dispersions was studied and different effects of surfactants on volume mass transfer coefficient (kLa) were discovered. Among all the surfactants tested, sodium dodecyl sulfate can improve kLa evidently. This is a useful revelation for the intensification of gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactions. A new kind of colloidal aphron dispersion composed of water-in-oil globules encapsulated by "Soapy Shell" of multiplayer surfactants, colloidal emulsion aphron dispersion (CEA), was put forward by introducing the extraction principle of emulsion liquid memrane into colloidal liquid aphron dispersion. The emulsion core sizes of CEA dispersion are roughly in 10um~100p.ni, whereas the sizes of inner phase are in lum~5um. The phase volume ratio (PVR) can reach as much as 10. Colloidal emulsion aphrons behave analogously to emulsion liquid membrane in extraction with advantages of high concentration ratio, counter-concentration extraction and combination of extraction and backwash, and also have the large interface areas, easy scatteration and quick extraction which colloidal liquid aphrons posess. CEA extraction is suitable for the need of quick extraction or extraction without sufficient stirring, such as the treatment of drug overdose or food poisoning. In vitro studies on the application of CEAs to drug overdose treatment were conducted in acidic condition similar to gastric juice. With type I facilitated transport and sodium carbonate as stripping agent in inner phase, 98.7% salicylic acid could be removed in half a minutes. With type II facilitated transport of CEA extractions and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid as fluid carrier, the metal ion Cu2+ can be transferred into inner phase effectively with the speed ten times that of ELM extraction. Colloidal emulsion aphron extraction is a potential method for the treatment of food poisoning. Colloidal emulsion aphrons can also be used as a microreactor to synthesize fine powder materials. With ascorbic acid as reductant in inner phase, Ag+ was transferred into inner phase of CEAs and reduced to form fine silver particles. "Nano porous microsphere" of silver was synthesized by adjusting concentrations of stripping regent, solute and fluid carrier, and also characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), thermo-gravimetry-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA), field emission scanning electron microscope(SEM). Porous microsphere of composite powder, silver-encapsulated calcite was prepared by CEA method with the alteration of concentrations of stripping agent in inner phase, solute in feed phase and fluid carrier. The formation of base material and encapsulation can be done in one system orderly with no need of separation. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) and SEM analyses showed that CaCC>3 was well encapsulated by silver. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-09-16 |
| 页码 | 146 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1413]  |
| 专题 | 过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 戴玉杰. 胶性沫体系统研究及应用[D]. 中国科学院过程工程研究所. 中国科学院过程工程研究所. 2004. |
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