The Development of Spatial Positions Between Mother and Calf of Yangtze Finless Porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) Maintained in Captive and Seminatural Environments | |
Xian, Yijie1,2; Wang, Kexiong1; Jiang, Wenhua3; Zheng, Bangyou3; Wang, Ding1 | |
刊名 | AQUATIC MAMMALS |
2012 | |
卷号 | 38期号:2页码:127-135 |
关键词 | conservation echelon position infant position Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis management |
ISSN号 | 0167-5427 |
通讯作者 | Xian, YJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Key Lab Aquat Biodivers & Conservat, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. |
中文摘要 | For many toothed whales, two predominant and multifunctional spatial positions occur between a mother/calf pair after birth: (1) the echelon position and (2) the infant position. Other nonpredominant positions also have social and developmental significance for the calf. So far, the observational period of studies on the spatial positions tends to be too short, and the studies have primarily focused on the marine groups. Moreover, few, if any, studies examining spatial relations between mother/calf pairs have been conducted on endangered toothed whale species. The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is one endangered and freshwater toothed whale. We studied the development of echelon, infant, and other position(s) in one calf maintained in captivity and two in a seminatural enclosure up to 1 y after birth. Focal following and continuous recording methods were used. A total of 180.6 h of video were recorded for the captive calf during the first year after birth (1.8 +/- 0.5 h/d; n = 99 d). For the two calves in the enclosure, a total of 254.9 and 479.9 h of visual observations were recorded between 12 to 109 d after birth (5.8 +/- 0.9 h/d; n = 44 d) and during the first year after birth (5.9 +/- 0.5 h/d; n = 81 d), respectively. Results indicated that time spent in echelon, infant, and other position(s) accounted for 24.6 +/- 2.7%, 34.4 +/- 8.1%, and 4.6 +/- 2.2% (n = 3), respectively. As the calves grew, they decreased their time spent in the echelon position. In contrast, time spent in the infant position increased and decreased in a parabolic fashion. The peaks (40.2%, 47.8%, and 46.8%) were approached at 91, 62, and 62 d after birth for the three calves, respectively. At 245 d after birth for the captive calf and 187 d for the second seminatural calf, time spent in the infant position began a second increase. This increase continued until the end of the year. Other positions were assumed during a small amount of time and changed slightly over time. In regards to animal management and conservation, we should regulate human activities contributing to the separation of a mother and her calf, especially before 90 d after birth. In addition, we should eliminate fishing gears and other risky factors in the environment until at least 60 d after birth. |
英文摘要 | For many toothed whales, two predominant and multifunctional spatial positions occur between a mother/calf pair after birth: (1) the echelon position and (2) the infant position. Other nonpredominant positions also have social and developmental significance for the calf. So far, the observational period of studies on the spatial positions tends to be too short, and the studies have primarily focused on the marine groups. Moreover, few, if any, studies examining spatial relations between mother/calf pairs have been conducted on endangered toothed whale species. The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is one endangered and freshwater toothed whale. We studied the development of echelon, infant, and other position(s) in one calf maintained in captivity and two in a seminatural enclosure up to 1 y after birth. Focal following and continuous recording methods were used. A total of 180.6 h of video were recorded for the captive calf during the first year after birth (1.8 +/- 0.5 h/d; n = 99 d). For the two calves in the enclosure, a total of 254.9 and 479.9 h of visual observations were recorded between 12 to 109 d after birth (5.8 +/- 0.9 h/d; n = 44 d) and during the first year after birth (5.9 +/- 0.5 h/d; n = 81 d), respectively. Results indicated that time spent in echelon, infant, and other position(s) accounted for 24.6 +/- 2.7%, 34.4 +/- 8.1%, and 4.6 +/- 2.2% (n = 3), respectively. As the calves grew, they decreased their time spent in the echelon position. In contrast, time spent in the infant position increased and decreased in a parabolic fashion. The peaks (40.2%, 47.8%, and 46.8%) were approached at 91, 62, and 62 d after birth for the three calves, respectively. At 245 d after birth for the captive calf and 187 d for the second seminatural calf, time spent in the infant position began a second increase. This increase continued until the end of the year. Other positions were assumed during a small amount of time and changed slightly over time. In regards to animal management and conservation, we should regulate human activities contributing to the separation of a mother and her calf, especially before 90 d after birth. In addition, we should eliminate fishing gears and other risky factors in the environment until at least 60 d after birth. |
WOS标题词 | Science & Technology ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine |
类目[WOS] | Marine & Freshwater Biology ; Zoology |
研究领域[WOS] | Marine & Freshwater Biology ; Zoology |
关键词[WOS] | BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS ; BEHAVIORAL-DEVELOPMENT ; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS ; CONSERVATION ; BIOLOGY ; CALVES ; SP. |
收录类别 | SCI |
资助信息 | Chinese Academy of Science[KSCX2-EW-Z-4, 220103]; National Natural Science Foundation of China[30730018] |
语种 | 英语 |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000304817000001 |
公开日期 | 2012-09-25 |
内容类型 | 期刊论文 |
源URL | [http://ir.ihb.ac.cn/handle/342005/16799] |
专题 | 水生生物研究所_水生生物多样性与资源保护研究中心_期刊论文 |
作者单位 | 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Key Lab Aquat Biodivers & Conservat, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China 3.Tongling Freshwater Porpoise Natl Nat Reserve, Tongling 244161, Peoples R China |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Xian, Yijie,Wang, Kexiong,Jiang, Wenhua,et al. The Development of Spatial Positions Between Mother and Calf of Yangtze Finless Porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) Maintained in Captive and Seminatural Environments[J]. AQUATIC MAMMALS,2012,38(2):127-135. |
APA | Xian, Yijie,Wang, Kexiong,Jiang, Wenhua,Zheng, Bangyou,&Wang, Ding.(2012).The Development of Spatial Positions Between Mother and Calf of Yangtze Finless Porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) Maintained in Captive and Seminatural Environments.AQUATIC MAMMALS,38(2),127-135. |
MLA | Xian, Yijie,et al."The Development of Spatial Positions Between Mother and Calf of Yangtze Finless Porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) Maintained in Captive and Seminatural Environments".AQUATIC MAMMALS 38.2(2012):127-135. |
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