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题名	轮叶马先蒿生物学特性与种群生态学特点—以巴音布鲁克高寒草地为例
作者	于建梅
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2007
授予单位	中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所
导师	胡玉昆，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	轮叶马先蒿
其他题名	Pedicularis verticilata L.’s biological property and population ecological characteristic －take Bayanbulak alpine grassland as an example
中文摘要	本论文通过室内种子发芽试验、小区观测方法分别对轮叶马先蒿种子的发芽特性、生物学特性进行了研究。在野外采用相邻格子样方法对轮叶马先蒿种群分布格局进行了研究。垂直于河流沿土壤水分梯度采用样带法；沿海拔梯度（约每升高100 m）采用随机取样法，分别对地上群落和地下土壤各因子进行调查。采用2×2列联表对轮叶马先蒿种群与其它种群关联性进行研究，运用SPSS12.0软件采用相关分析和方差分析来探讨轮叶马先蒿种群四度一量与其生境因子的关系。通过对草原害草轮叶马先蒿种群分布格局的研究，以便更准确地揭示轮叶马先蒿优势种群的形成规律、控制其种群密度、预测群落演替趋势；通过对轮叶马先蒿种群及其与生境关系的研究，探索促使轮叶马先蒿种群生长、繁殖、扩大的主要环境因子，为今后科学地防除轮叶马先蒿提供理论依据。结果表明： 1）种子是轮叶马先蒿种群繁殖的主要方式。轮叶马先蒿自身繁殖生物学特性导致了其种群在巴音布鲁克草原呈聚集分布。 2）以轮叶马先蒿为优势种的群落在巴音布鲁克草原目前处于稳定发展阶段。 3）变温有利于轮叶马先蒿种子的萌发。5月下半月是轮叶马先蒿种子发芽的最佳时期，也是采取相应措施控制其种群扩大的关键时期。 4）在光照和热量条件一致的情况下，土壤含水量是限制轮叶马先蒿生长、繁殖、扩散的主导因子。随着土壤含水量的增加，轮叶马先蒿的密度和盖度均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。只有适当的土壤含水量才能够促进轮叶马先蒿的生长，在土壤含水量为0.25时其繁殖能力较强。丰富的土壤有机质有利于轮叶马先蒿的生长，而较高的pH值、电导率、全盐则不利于轮叶马先蒿的生长。 5）在土壤有机质、电导率、全盐、土壤含水量资源维上与轮叶马先蒿生态位重叠指数在0.40以上的物种有多裂委陵菜、鹅绒委陵菜、小花棘豆、垂穗披碱草、洽草、黄芪、龙胆、高山点地梅、黑花苔草、早熟禾、莲座蓟、二裂委陵菜，表明这些物种与轮叶马先蒿对资源的利用能力相似。轮叶马先蒿在土壤有机质、电导率、土壤全盐、土壤含水量4个资源维上的平均生态位宽度值最大，为0.698，表明轮叶马先蒿种群在对这4种资源的利用能力上较其它种群强。This dissertation study on germination characteristic and biology property of Pedicularis verticilata L. which by lab tests and observation method in area of coverage. Sample trips were vertically set along a river. Along with altitude gradient, about per 100 m risen, a plot was set at random. Then species density, abundance, frequency, above-ground biomass, plant height were investigated. In the meanwhile, soil habitat factors also were surveyed. In order to probe into the interspecific association of P. verticilata L. and other species, 2×2 contingency table was taken. The relationship between P. verticilata L. and habitat factors was measured by SPSS12.0. In order to post the rule of P. verticilata L.’s formation , control it’s density , forecast community’s success directions. Population distribution pattern of P. verticilata L. was measured by tallying with contiguous grid quadrate method in field. By studying on the relationship between P. verticilata L. and it’s habitat factors, to find out the main habitat factors which control P. verticilata L’s growth, propagation, spread . It can make some scientific methods to defend P. verticilata L. The results showed that: 1) P. verticilata L.’s seeding is the dominant way to spread . P. verticilata L.’s biological property make it’s distribution pattern is clump in Bayanbulak alpine grassland. 2) At present, as a dominant population, P. verticilata L. is in steady stage in Bayanbulak alpine grassland. 3) Property poikilothermia is propitious to seed germination of P. verticilata L.. In the last ten-day of May is the most activity period, so it is also the critical period to control P. verticilata L.’s spreading. 4) Along with soil water content increasing, P. verticilata L.’s density and coverage all wear a trend that first increased then decreased. Only the property soil water content in favor of P. verticilata L.’s growth. It’s fertility is strongest when the soil water content is 0.25. Soil organic matter is also advantage to P. verticilata L.’s growth, But high PH, conductivity, total salt are disadvantage to P. verticilata L.’s growth. 5) P. verticilata L.’s average niche breadth is the most bread on soil organic matter, conductivity, total salt, soil water content environmental dimensions, which reach to 0.698.It is showed that P. verticilata L. is good at using resource. The niche overlaps of P. verticilata L. with Potentilla multifida, Potentilla.anserina , Oxytropis glabra, Elyminae.nutans, Koeleria Pers sp., Astragalus sp., Gentiana spp., Androsace olgae, Carex melanantha, Poa spp., Cirsium esculentun, Potentilla.bifurca all above on 0.4 on 4 environmental dimensions.
语种	中文
学科主题	植物生理学
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共51页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/7970]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	于建梅. 轮叶马先蒿生物学特性与种群生态学特点—以巴音布鲁克高寒草地为例[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2007.

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