The early Cambrian fossil embryo Pseudooides is a direct-developing cnidarian, not an early ecdysozoan

doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.2188

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	The early Cambrian fossil embryo Pseudooides is a direct-developing cnidarian, not an early ecdysozoan
	Duan, Baichuan 1,2; Dong, Xi-Ping 2; Porras, Luis 3; Vargas, Kelly 3; Cunningham, John A.3; Donoghue, Philip C. J.3
刊名	PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
	2017-12-20
卷号	284 期号:1869
关键词	Pseudooides embryo development Cambrian Cnidaria Ecdysozoa
ISSN号	0962-8452
DOI	10.1098/rspb.2017.2188
英文摘要	Early Cambrian Pseudooides prima has been described from embryonic and post-embryonic stages of development, exhibiting long germ-band development. There has been some debate about the pattern of segmentation, but this interpretation, as among the earliest records of ecdysozoans, has been generally accepted. Here, we show that the 'germ band' of P. prima embryos separates along its mid axis during development, with the transverse furrows between the 'somites' unfolding into the polar aperture of the ten-sided theca of Hexaconularia sichuanensis, conventionally interpreted as a scyphozoan cnidarian; co-occurring post-embryonic remains of ecdysozoans are unrelated. We recognize H. sichuanensis as a junior synonym of P. prima as a consequence of identifying these two form-taxa as distinct developmental stages of the same organism. Direct development in P. prima parallels the co-occuring olivooids Olivooides, and Quadrapyrgites and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of a novel phenotype dataset indicates that, despite differences in their tetra-, penta-and pseudo-hexa-radial symmetry, these hexangulaconulariids comprise a clade of scyphozoan medusozoans, with Arthrochites and conulariids, that all exhibit direct development from embryo to thecate polyp. The affinity of hexangulaconulariids and olivooids to extant scyphozoan medusozoans indicates that the prevalence of tetraradial symmetry and indirect development are a vestige of a broader spectrum of body-plan symmetries and developmental modes that was manifest in their early Phanerozoic counterparts.
资助项目	Natural Environment Research Council[NE/F00348X/1] ; Natural Environment Research Council[NE/P013678/1]
WOS研究方向	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Evolutionary Biology
语种	英语
出版者	ROYAL SOC
WOS记录号	WOS:000418463000022
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.fio.com.cn/handle/2SI8HI0U/3026]
专题	业务部门_海岛海岸带研究中心
作者单位	1.State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Res Ctr Isl & Coastal Zone, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China; 2.Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China; 3.Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Life Sci Bldg,Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, Avon, England
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Duan, Baichuan,Dong, Xi-Ping,Porras, Luis,et al. The early Cambrian fossil embryo Pseudooides is a direct-developing cnidarian, not an early ecdysozoan[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,2017,284(1869).
APA	Duan, Baichuan,Dong, Xi-Ping,Porras, Luis,Vargas, Kelly,Cunningham, John A.,&Donoghue, Philip C. J..(2017).The early Cambrian fossil embryo Pseudooides is a direct-developing cnidarian, not an early ecdysozoan.PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,284(1869).
MLA	Duan, Baichuan,et al."The early Cambrian fossil embryo Pseudooides is a direct-developing cnidarian, not an early ecdysozoan".PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 284.1869(2017).