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题名	鹅喉羚的昼间行为时间分配与活动节律
作者	夏参军
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2009
授予单位	中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所
授予地点	北京
导师	杨维康，新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	鹅喉羚
其他题名	Diurnal behavioral time budgets and activity rhythm of the Goitred Gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa sairensis
学位专业	生态学
中文摘要	鹅喉羚（Goitred Gazelle or Persian Gzazelle, Gazella subgutturosa）又名长尾黄羊，典型的荒漠、半荒漠中型有蹄类动物，分布于阿拉伯半岛、伊朗、阿富汗和中亚，向东直到中国西北和蒙古境内的广大地区。近几十年来，由于栖息地丧失、家畜竞争、过度捕猎及偷猎，全球范围内鹅喉羚种群数量锐减。我国于1989年将其列为国家二级保护动物，IUCN（2006）将其列为易危种，CMS将其列为附录II物种。目前，国内对鹅喉羚行为生态学方面的研究报道不多，因此对鹅喉羚昼间行为时间分配和活动节律的基础研究将有助于对该物种的了解和保护。作者于2007年11月至2008年10月在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物保护区采用直接观察法研究了鹅喉羚的昼间行为时间分配及活动节律，建立了鹅喉羚的行为谱，分析了影响鹅喉羚行为的各种因素以及形成此种行为模式的原因；期间共采集鹅喉羚行为数据502.83 h。分析了四季（春季，4-5月；夏季，6-8月；秋季，9-10月；冬季，11月至翌年3月）鹅喉羚的昼间行为时间分配及活动节律以及四季间各种行为的差异。研究结果表明，春季：雌性鹅喉羚用于采食的时间比例为67.50%，警戒、休息、移动和其他等行为分别为2.68%、25.91%、2.48%和1.43%。雄羚各行为时间分配比例分别为采食63.48%、警戒4.27%、休息27.49%、移动3.44%、其它1.31%。夏季：雌羚用于采食的时间比例为43.65%，警戒、休息、移动和其他等行为分别为5.60%、42. 07%、7.72%和0.96%；雄羚各行为时间分配比例分别为采食51.94%、警戒3.08%、休息41.39%、移动1.73%、其它1.86%。秋季：雌羚用于采食的时间比例为66.28%，警戒、休息、移动和其他等行为分别为为4.28%、23.57%、5.14%和0.73%；雄羚各行为时间分配比例分别为采食68.85%、警戒4.15%、休息20.73%、移动5.98%、其它0.3%。冬季：雌羚用于采食的时间比例为67.97%，警戒、休息、移动和其他等行为分别为7.0%、19.57 %、5.01%和0.44%；雄羚各行为时间分配比例分别为采食29.62%、警戒19.21%、休息29.30%、移动20.61%、其它1.26%。四季中，采食通常有2或3个高峰期，春季雌羚采食高峰期出现在08:00 — 10:00，12:00 — 13:00，18:00 — 21:00 三个时间段，雄羚则出现在08:00 — 09:00，16:00 — 17:00，18:00 — 21:00；夏季雌羚采食高峰期出现在在07:00 — 09:00和20:00 — 22:00两个时间段，雄羚则出现在06:00 — 08:00，12:00 — 15:00，20:00 — 22:00三个时间段；秋季雌羚采食有3个高峰，分别出现在08:00 — 11:00，13:00 — 14:00，17:00 — 19:00，雄羚则出现在08:00 — 10:00，13:00 — 14:00，17:00 — 19:00；冬季雌羚采食的3个高峰出现在11:00 — 12:00，13:00 — 14:00，17:00 — 18:00，雄羚的3个高峰期出现在10:00 — 11:00，13:00 — 14:00，17:00 — 18:00。休息行为高峰通常紧接着出现在采食高峰之后。采用方差分析、秩和检验、卡方检验、Kruskal-Wallis检验分析同季节不同性别各自5种行为时间分配、不同性别间行为时间分配、同性别不同季节的行为时间分配、不同时间段行为时间分配。结果表明：4季中雌雄各自5种行为的时间分配均存在显著差异；比较两性间行为时间分配发现，春夏季各行为时间分配无显著差异，秋季仅有移动差异显著，而冬季5种行为间均差异显著；季节因素对行为时间分配的影响显著。春季，雌雄采食、移动、警戒3种行为各时段之间差异均显著；夏季雌雄5种行为各时段间差异均显著；秋季，雌性采食、休息、移动间差异显著，雄性采食、休息、移动、其它4种行为间差异显著；冬季，雌性除其它行为差异不显著，其余4种行为差异显著，雄性采食和警戒差异显著。鹅喉羚选择不同的行为时间分配模式适应季节更替或变化的生理周期，如温度、性别、水分状况、繁殖期、哺乳期等，以满足能量及营养需求。The Goitered gazelle or Persian Gazelle, inhabited in desert and semi-desert environment, was ranked in grade Ⅱ key protected wildlife in China, and Vulnerable （VU） on the IUCN Red List 2006. Distribution of the Goitered gazelle is the largest of any antelope, ranging from deserts of the Arabian Peninsula and the mountain valleys of Transcaucasia to the steppes of Central Asia. In recent decades, For a number of reasons such as the lose of habitat, competition from cattle and sheep, as well as over-hunting and poaching, the number of Goitred Gazelle are sharp down throughout world, especially in China. We start the research in order to offer some basic data about behavioral research for the Goitred gazelle protection. The diurnal behavioral time budget and activity rhythm were studied by using f℃al-sampling in Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve from November 2007 to ℃tober 2008 in north part of Xinjiang, China. We established the ethogram, and analyzed the factors of Goitred Gazelle. During the time, 502.83h data were collected. The results show that, in spring, females spent 67.50% of their time in foraging，2.68% in vigilance、25.91% in resting、2.48% in moving，1.43% others; males spent 63.48% of their time in foraging，4.27% in vigilance、27.49% in resting、3.44% in moving，1.31% others. In summer, females spent 43.65% of their time in foraging，5.60% in vigilance、42.07% in resting、7.72% in moving，0.96% others; males spent 51.94% of their time in foraging，3.08% in vigilance、41.39% in resting、1.73% in moving，1.86% others. In fall, females spent 66.28% of their time in foraging，4.28% in vigilance、23.57% in resting、5.14% in moving，0.73% others; males spent 68.85% of their time in foraging，4.15% in vigilance、20.73% in resting、5.98% in moving，0.30% others. In winter, females spent 67.97% of their time in foraging，7.0% in vigilance、19.57% in resting、5.01% in moving，0.44% others; males spent 29.62% of their time in foraging，19.21% in vigilance、29.30% in resting、20.61% in moving，1.26% others. There are two or three peaks of foraging behavior. In spring, the peaks were 08:00 — 10:00，12:00 — 13:00，18:00 — 21:00 for female and were 08:00 — 09:00，16:00 — 17:00，18:00 — 21:00; In summer, the peaks were 07:00 — 09:00和20:00 — 22:00 for female and were 06:00 — 08:00，12:00 — 15:00，20:00 — 22:00 for male; In fall, the peaks were 08:00 — 11:00，13:00 — 14:00，17:00 — 19:00 of female and 08:00 — 10:00，13:00 — 14:00，17:00 — 19:00 for male; In winter, the peaks were 11:00 — 12:00，13:00 — 14:00，17:00 — 18:00 for female and were 10:00 — 11:00，13:00 — 14:00，17:00 — 18:00 for male. Resting peaks appear at the heels of foraging. One-way ANOVA was used to compare difference of time budgets of both female and male. Manny-Whitney U test to compare difference of in the time budgets between female and male, Chi-square test were used to test difference among seasons, Kruskal-Wallis test were used to test time budgets among period of time. The conclusion show that: there are significant （p < 0.05） among five kinds of behaviors of male and female respectively in four seasons; no significant（p > 0.05） between male and female’s behaviors in spring and summer, there are significant （p < 0.05） between male and female’s behaviors except moving in fall, and in winter, there are significant （p < 0.05） between male and female’s behaviors except others; whatever male or female, seasons have significant influence on behaviors. The Goitered gazelle choice different behavior time budget pattern adaptation season change or the change physiological cycle, for example: the temperature, the sex, the moisture content condition, the nursery stage, the breast-feeding period and so on, satisfy the energy and the nutrition demand.
学科主题	动物学
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共49页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8514]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	夏参军. 鹅喉羚的昼间行为时间分配与活动节律[D]. 北京. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2009.

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