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题名	卡拉麦里山鹅喉羚的生境选择及生境适宜性评价
作者	李莹
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2009
授予单位	中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所
授予地点	北京
导师	杨维康，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	鹅喉羚
其他题名	Habitat selection and habitat suitability assessment of the Goitred Gazelle （Gazella subgutturosa sairensis）in Kalamaili Mountain
学位专业	生态学
中文摘要	本研究基于2005年以来对卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鹅喉羚分布的调查和生境样方采集，运用GIS技术进行目视解译与图层叠加研究保护区鹅喉羚时空分布，并运用选择指数与选择系数模型分析鹅喉羚的生境选择。研究发现，保护区内鹅喉羚四季分布虽有明显差异，但主要分布于保护区中部的针茅（Stipa glareosa）、驼绒藜（Ceratoides latens）、沙蒿-驼绒藜（Ass. Artemisia sp-Ceratoides latens）、假木贼-针茅群落（Ass. Anabasis salsa-Stipa glareosa）中。不同季节鹅喉羚对植被类型的选择存在差异。春季鹅喉羚倾向选择假木贼-针茅群落和梭梭群落；夏季鹅喉羚多选择针茅群落、驼绒藜群落、梭梭群落；秋季鹅喉羚则选择针茅群落和假木贼-针茅群落。鹅喉羚对地貌的选择差异不明显，一般选择坡度平缓的地点活动。春季和夏季鹅喉羚在各种坡向上是随机选择的；秋季鹅喉羚不选择阴坡，其他坡向则几乎随机选择。鹅喉羚夏季和秋季对各种坡位随机选择，春季喜欢中坡位，不喜欢上坡位，对下坡位随机选择。作者认为春、夏、秋、冬四季鹅喉羚的分布变化是由不同季节限制鹅喉羚生存因素的不同所致，植被类型和水源是影响鹅喉羚分布的主要因素；食物、隐蔽性和地形因素是影响鹅喉羚生境选择的重要因素。在不同的空间尺度上，影响鹅喉羚生境选择的因子之间存在差异。在中、大尺度上，鹅喉羚生境选择较多地受植被类型、水源以及人为干扰影响；而在微生境选择上，食物、隐蔽性和地形因素是重要的影响因子。在小尺度上，鹅喉羚对食物和隐蔽性的选择导致鹅喉羚对植被类型的选择，进而影响到鹅喉羚在大尺度上的分布。 在保护区内选取具有代表性的研究样区约1447 km2作为评价区，基于2005年－2008年对卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鹅喉羚野外调查和样方采集，利用生境评价模型结合GIS技术进行生境适宜性研究。结果表明：春季鹅喉羚实际生境面积为1146.92 km2，占评价区总面积的79.26%；夏季实际生境面积为1137.12 km2，占总面积的78.58%；秋季实际生境面积为991.64km2，占总面积的68.53%；冬季实际生境面积为499.82 km2，占总面积的34.54%。人类活动影响下，一些潜在生境转变为不适宜生境，其中春季生境丧失3.96%，夏季生境丧失3.1%，秋季生境丧失4.29%，冬季生境丧失达到48.5%。在各种人类活动中，居民点、国道、采矿点对鹅喉羚生境具有一定的干扰作用，使其质量有所降低，但未造成严重影响；而冬季牧民的放牧行为，导致鹅喉羚适宜生境被家畜大量占据，鹅喉羚生境质量大面积下降。本文基于评价结果提出了保护措施。Based on the data we got from the field surveys of Goitred Gazelle’s distribution in Kalamaili mountain nature reserve since 2005, we use Geographic Information System （GIS）and Remote Sensing （RS）for visual interpretation and map overlapping to study the Spatio-temporal distribution in Kalamaili mountain nature reserve. At the same time, Vanderploeg and Scavia selectivity index was used to analyse Goitred Gazelle’s selection for different habitat parameters. The results show that the distribution of Goitred Gazelle has a significant difference in four seasons, but the centre part of the nature reserve is the major distribution area of the gazelle in all seasons. There are Stipa glareosa，Ceratoides latens，Ass. Artemisia sp-Ceratoides latens, Ass. Anabasis salsa-Stipa glareosa. Gazelle chooses Ass. Anabasis salsa-Stipa glareosa and Haloxylon ammodendron in spring, Stipa glareosa and Ceratoides latens and Haloxylon ammodendron in summer, Stipa glareosa and Ass. Anabasis salsa-Stipa glareosa in autumn. The impact factors of the distribution are the vegetation type and water source. In addition, human interference is also the factor that influences the distribution of the gazelle in winter. Food，hidden and landform are the impact factors of habitat selection. Each season, the gazelle has its own survival demand, and it is the reason for the change of the distribution in seasons. The ecotone’s edge effects influence the distribution of the gazelle obviously. To landform, Goitred Gazelle preferred to select habitat with a slope less than 20°.In spring, Goitred Gazelle preferred the middle of slope and did not like the top. In summer, there are not special selections for slope. In autumn, Goitred Gazelle did not like shady slopes. Then, we select a representative region about 1447 km2 for assessment area in kalamaili mountain nature reserve. Based on the data we got from the field surveys of Goitred Gazelle in the nature reserve from 2005 to 2008, we use Geographic Information System （GIS）to study the habitat suitability assessment of Goitred Gazelle. The results show that the area of actual habitat is 1146.92 km2 in spring，accounting for 79.26% of the total study area；the area of actual habitat is 1137.12 km2 in summer，accounting for 78.58% of the total study area; the area of actual habitat is 991.64 km2 in autumn，accounting for 68.53% of the assessment area; the area of actual habitat is 499.82 km2 in winter，accounting for 34.54% of the assessment area. Some potential habitat has been transformed into unsuitable habitat. The habitat lost 3.96% in spring, 3.1% in summer，4.29% in autumn and 48.5% in winter. Among human interference, residential areas, national highway and mining affect the habitat，but have little impact. In winter, the suitable habitat of gazelle was occupied by livestock，which led the quality of habitat to decline in the large area. Based on the evaluation results , this paperalso put forward measures to protect them.
学科主题	动物学
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共56页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8476]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李莹. 卡拉麦里山鹅喉羚的生境选择及生境适宜性评价[D]. 北京. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2009.

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