题名干旱区老绿洲景观格局与生产力初探——以老沙湾绿洲为例
作者康相武 
学位类别硕士
答辩日期2001
授予单位中国科学院.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所.环境科学.
导师潘伯荣,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词绿洲
中文摘要本文在总结和概述干旱区绿洲景观基本特征的基础上,对老沙湾绿洲景观进行了分类。干旱区绿洲景观具有如下基本特征:径流依赖性、景观隐域性、演替双向性、分布边缘性、与基质的高反差性、发展的阶段性、空间分布上的分散性和人工绿洲经济上的封闭性以及绿洲的易变化性。鉴于以上特征对老沙湾绿洲景观做以下分类;草地景观、平原绿洲农田景观、人工防护林景观、交通景观等。然后应用地理信息系统等技术手段全面研究了老沙湾 绿洲景观80年代至90年代的格局及其变化。从总体变化上讲,老沙湾绿洲景观的景观多样性指数和均匀度指数减小,景观优势度指数增加,整体景观破碎度指数增大,廊道密度指数增大。各种类型景观的变化如下:草地景观、绿洲农田景观、水体景观、平原荒地景观的面积增大,沙丘景观面积减小;草地景观、平原绿洲取落景观、沙地景观等的破碎度增大,绿洲农田景观等的破碎度减小;在各种类型的廊道中,河流的均宽增加廊道密度指数基本不变,渠道的长度增加均宽变小,道路的均宽和廊道密度指数均增大。同时文章对以上演变从农业与经济发展、环境变化等角度进行了分析。最后文章根据景观功能和景观结构原理对老沙湾绿洲从70年代中期到90年代末农作物种类和景观生产力变化进行了分析。老沙湾绿洲景观中农作物种类从1976年到1999年急剧趋于单一,环境变化和经济利益驱动是造成变化的主要原因。老沙湾绿洲农田景观生产力表现为递增趋势,经分析人口数量与农田景观生产力为负相关;从景观结构的角度分析农耕景观的面积和聚集度与农田景观生产力成正相关关系;从景观功能的角度分析,沟渠和防护林的长度与家田景观生产力为正相关关系。At first, the basic characters of arid land oasis landscape were summarized and Laoshawan Oasis landscape is divided into some types according to its basic characters. The runoff dependency, two-way succession liability, spatially scattered distribution on ecotone and so on are major characteristics of oasis landscape. Whereas Laoshawan Oasis Landscape is divided into such types as pasture landscape, dune landscape, oasis farmland landscape, traffic landscape, plain wasteland landscape, windbreak landscape etc. The landscape pattern of Laoshawan Oasis and its changed from 1980s to 1990s was studied by the means of GIS technology. Landscape pattern analysis to total Laoshawan oasis has shown that some actual index such index as diversity and evenness increased while the other including dominance, fragment and corridors density increased. At the same time the pattern index of different type landscape has changed, also. For example, the area of meadow landscape, oasis farmland landscape and plain waste landscape increased, dune landscape area decreased, and the fragment index of dune landscape, pasture landscape increased. In addition equal width of rivers and roads increased and corridor density index of roads and ditches increased. The all these changes are analyzed from different aspects. At last the farmland productivity changes of Laoshawan Oasis was analyzed. From 1976 to 1999 the crop species of Laoshawan oasis decreased. The farmland productivity of Laoshawan Oasis increased. By analyzed the farmland productivity has positive correlation with ditch length and windbreak length.
语种中文
学科主题自然地理学
公开日期2010-11-12
页码共45页
内容类型学位论文
源URL[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8278]  
专题新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
康相武 . 干旱区老绿洲景观格局与生产力初探——以老沙湾绿洲为例[D]. 中国科学院.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所.环境科学.. 2001.
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