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题名	巴音布鲁克高寒草地轮叶马先蒿(Pedicularis verticilata)生物学特性与防除技术研究
作者	张晓艳
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2008
授予单位	中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所
导师	胡玉昆，新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	巴音布鲁克高寒草地
其他题名	Pedicularis verticilata L.’s biological property and it’s controlling technique on Bayanbulak alpine grassland
中文摘要	在新疆和静县巴音布鲁克高寒草地开展轮叶马先蒿生物学特性试验和化学防除技术研究，采用田间小区试验对所有供试除草剂，进行最佳浓度和最佳方法的选择试验，并对筛选出的除草剂(即大面积使用的药物)测定土壤残留,做出土壤安全评价。通过野外大量的工作及室内的土壤残留分析，目前得到的结果如下： 1）轮叶马先蒿株结实量随株高由600粒增加到2000粒，呈上升趋势；在人工气候室内模拟巴音布鲁克高寒草地土壤表面的温度，其发芽率和发芽势分别可达76.9％、71.40％；经过生育期观测发现，轮叶马先蒿6月底进入初花期，生长速度逐渐上升，到7月中旬的盛花期，日平均生长速度达到峰值，为1.33 cm。 2）2,4-D丁酯有效杀死轮叶马先蒿的时期是盛花期，最佳药剂浓度为31.50 ml/667m2；喷施2,4-D丁酯对垂穗披碱草(Elymus multicaulis)的生长有一定的促进作用。 3）2甲4氯钠盐有效杀死有害杂草轮叶马先蒿的时期是盛花期，最佳药剂浓度为50.58 ml/667m2；在轮叶马先蒿返青期和分枝期喷施2甲4氯对垂穗披碱草没有明显的影响，但在初花期和盛花期喷施药剂对垂穗披碱草高度和盖度均有一定的抑制作用。 4）2,4-D丁酯和2甲4氯钠盐在土壤中的残留于第一批土样中的6个处理中均未检测出，由此可知，喷施2,4-D丁酯和2甲4氯钠盐对草地土壤安全。 5）综上所述可知，防除有害杂草轮叶马先蒿的最佳药剂为2,4-D丁酯，最佳喷药时期是轮叶马先蒿的盛花期，最佳药剂浓度为31.50 ml/667m2。关键词：巴音布鲁克高寒草地；轮叶马先蒿；生物学特性；化学防除Studies on the biological property and controlling technique of Pedicularis verticilata in Bayanbulak alpine grassland were upfolded in Xinjiang Hejing County. we had carried through the select trial of the best concentration and control technique,did soil residues and soil safe assessment through plot experiment.Though the work of outdoor and indoor, the results are as follows: 1）Individual Pedicularis verticilata’s seed quality assume a new upward trend that moved up from 600 to 2000; The germination rate and germination vigor can reach to 76.9％ and 71.40％ partly,when simulating land surface temperature of Bayinbulak Alpine Meadow in phytotron; By observing growth stages, we found that Pedicularis verticilata is coming into Initial bloom stage at the last few days of six month and the growth rate is rising gradually, the peak value of mean daily growth rate reach to 1.33cm at the middle ten days of seven month that is Pedicularis verticilata’s florescence. 2）It was turned out that the best period of controlling Pedicularis verticilata was florescence and the best capacity of physic was 31.50 ml/667m2 after spraying 2,4-D butyl ester herbicides; Pedicularis verticilata was controlled entirely or partly; high quality forage Elymus multicaulis took dominant position; grassland harmful weed Gentianella turkestanorum was inhibited in some degree. In a word, grassland quality was improved efficiently. 3）It was turned out that the best period of controlling Pedicularis verticilata was florescence and the best concentration of pharmaceutical was 50.58ml/667m2 after using MCPA herbicides; It had no impact on Elymus multicaulis’s growth clearly after spraying MCPA herbicides at Pedicularis verticilata’s returning green stage and branching period,but it restrained it’s growth after spraying MCPA herbicides at Pedicularis verticilata’s initial bloom stage and full flowering stage. 4）Residues of 2,4-D butyl ester and MCPA pesticides were not detected in six treatment that was the first batch of soil samples. So, it was safe to soil afer using 2,4-D butyl ester and MCPA herbicides. 5）In conclusion, the best chemical medicament eradicating Pedicularis verticilata efficiently is 2,4-D butyl ester; the best period of controlling Pedicularis verticilata was florescence and the best capacity of physic was 31.50 ml/667m2.
语种	中文
学科主题	草业科学
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共62页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8038]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张晓艳. 巴音布鲁克高寒草地轮叶马先蒿(Pedicularis verticilata)生物学特性与防除技术研究[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2008.

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