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题名	牛粪蘑菇渣混合发酵工艺及沼液综合利用的研究
作者	曾淑娟
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2010-05
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	邱艳玲
关键词	牛粪 蘑菇渣 厌氧混合发酵 沼气 小球藻 沼液
学位专业	化学工程
中文摘要	集约化畜牧养殖业的大规模发展，以及大量农业废弃物的产生对农村的生态环境造成了严重的影响。本课题结合“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目之子课题：特大型养牛场热电肥联产沼气工程综合示范，以牛粪、蘑菇渣等为研究对象，分别研究了牛粪蘑菇渣的厌氧混合发酵的批次实验和半连续小试实验。批次实验中针对两种物料的物性特点，进行了牛粪和蘑菇渣不同比例的混合发酵实验，得到牛粪与蘑菇渣混合发酵产沼气的最佳混合比例，通过模型拟合，生物可降解性分析，初步得出了以牛粪为主要原料的混合发酵的部分工艺参数与可降解性数据。在批次实验基础上，选取最佳混合比例及运行负荷量，进行实验室半连续小试研究。通过调整 CSTR 反应器在不同水力停留时间（分别为 12d、20d 和 28d）下运行。定时监测各类厌氧发酵指标，如 pH、SCOD、挥发性有机酸，甲烷产率等，得到牛粪蘑菇渣混合发酵小试反应器稳定高效运行的最佳运行参数，并对启动期、不同水力停留时间的稳定产气期反应器中的微生物群落进行了分析。综合批次实验和小试实验的结果，分析牛粪与农业有机废弃物蘑菇渣混合发酵数据，结合微生物群落分析推测了牛粪与蘑菇渣混合发酵机理及规律。实验结果表明，牛粪与蘑菇渣混合发酵的最佳混合质量比是 3:1，最佳水力停留时间为 20d。另外，微生物群落分析表明，整个反应过程微生物群落保持稳定。现行的沼气工程中排出大量的沼液，绝大部分并未还田利用，造成了土壤和水体的二次污染，并影响周围的卫生环境和人民群众的身体健康。本研究利用沼液对小球藻进行培养，研究沼液对小球藻的生长及生理生化性质的影响，以期得到经济可行的沼液综合利用的新方式。选取沼气厂稳定运行中的沼液，经过一系列处理，配制成不同负荷量，在一定光照强度及曝气条件下，以小球藻为研究对象，分批培养，于对数末期的藻收获，对其生理生化指标进行测定。分析各项指标结果，与标准培养基相比，沼液培养的藻类的蛋白质含量明显低于标准培养基，但二者培养的藻类的油脂含量无明显差异。另外，标准培养基培养得到的藻类只含有饱和脂肪酸，而沼液培养所得的藻类中同时含有饱和和不饱和脂肪酸。结果表明，沼液是藻类的良好培养基，并可获得优良的藻类生物质。
英文摘要	Large amounts of dairy manure have been widely recognized as a serious problem for intensive dairy farms in recent years. Anaerobic digestion of cattle manure has drawn considerable attention for sustainable treatment of cattle manure due to the advantage of producing valuable biogas besides waste treatment. This research focused on the co-digestion of dairy manure (DM) and spent mushroom substrates (a kind of agro-residues). Firstly, the bath tests were conducted to evaluate the potential of biogas production. The results of mesophilic batch experiments demonstrated that co-digestion of SMS and DM had a higher methane yield than SMS alone. By applying the mathematical model, it showed that the VS removal decreased with the amount of DM in the co-digestion samples increasing. The results suggested that anaerobic co-digestion was a feasible and valuable method for the treatment of SMS. Moreover, the database for the biogas production of co-digestion was built primarily.Secondly, the semi-continuous CSTR reactor was adopted to investigate the influence of hydraulic retention time on the co-digestion of dairy manure and spent mushroom substrates. The experiment last 109 d and three HRTs (Hydraulic Retention Time) were chosen, which were 20d, 12d and 28d respectively. During the experiment period, the SCOD, pH, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acid and methane yield were taken to monitor the performance of the reactor.The results showed that the optimum mixed ratio of dairy manure and spent mushroom substrates is 3:1 (based on weight). Additionally, the optimum HRTs is 20d, which can promise a better stable process and higher methane yield.Moreover, the anaerobic digestion dairy slurry was utilized for microalgae cultivation. Pretreated dairy slurry was diluted to different mediums to cultivated Chlorella vulgaris compared to the standard medium BG11. The effect of dairy slurry on the growth and biochemical compositions of Chlorella vulgaris was studied. The result exhibited that dairy slurry was a applicable medium for culturing microalgae, and the by-product, such as protein and lipid could applied for the agriculture and industry. Moreover, the better dilution is the 10 times for the growth and production of protein and lipids.
语种	中文
学科主题	生物制氢与沼气
公开日期	2011-08-30
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.qibebt.ac.cn//handle/337004/333]
专题	青岛生物能源与过程研究所_生物制氢与沼气团队
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	曾淑娟. 牛粪蘑菇渣混合发酵工艺及沼液综合利用的研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2010.

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