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	Toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida and subcellular fractionation of Zn
	Li, Lian-Zhen1; Zhou, Dong-Mei1; Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M.2,3; van Gestel, Cornelis A. M.4; Jin, Sheng-Yang1; Wang, Yu-Jun1; Wang, Peng1
刊名	ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
	2011-08-01
卷号	37期号:6页码:1098-1104
关键词	Nanoparticle suspension stability ZnO nanoparticle dissolution Nanoparticle toxicity Antioxidant enzyme activity
ISSN号	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2011.01.008
通讯作者	Zhou, Dong-Mei(dmzhou@issas.ac.cn)
英文摘要	The extensive use of nanoparticles (NPs) in a variety of applications has raised great concerns about their environmental fate and biological effects. This study examined the impact of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and salts on ZnO NP dispersion/solubility and toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. To be able to better evaluate the toxicity of NPs, exposure in agar and on filter paper was proposed for enabling a comparison of the importance of different uptake routes. A dose-related increase in mortality was observed in earthworms exposed in agar with almost 100% mortality after 96 h exposure to the highest concentration (1000 mg ZnO/kg agar). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the addition of salts enhanced the aggregation of ZnO NPs in agar and consequently affected the dissolution behavior and biological availability of the particles. On filter paper, mortality was the highest at the lowest exposure concentration (50 mg ZnO/L) and seemed to decrease with increasing exposure levels. TEM images of ZnO showed that the solubility and morphology of NPs were changed dramatically upon the addition of Humic Acids (HA). The subcellular distribution pattern of Zn in earthworms after 96 h exposure in agar and on filter paper showed that the Zn taken up via dietary ZnO particles (from agar) was mainly found in organelles and the cytosol while the Zn accumulated as soluble Zn from filter paper was mainly distributed in cell membranes and tissues. Antioxidant enzymatic activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH-px) were investigated in the worms surviving the toxicity tests. A slight increase of SOD activities was observed at the lowest exposure dose of ZnO (50 mg/kg), followed by a decrease at 100 mg/kg in the agar cubes. Activities of both CAT and GSH-Px enzymes were not significantly influenced in the worms exposed to agar, although a slight decrease at 500 and 1000 mg ZnO/kg agar was observed. A similar change trend of SOD activities was observed for the earthworms on filter paper, but a significant decrease began at a higher ZnO NP concentration of 500 mg ZnO/L The use of soil extracts instead of deionized water (DW) to simulate a realistic exposure system significantly reduced the toxicity of the ZnO NPs on filter paper, which increases the predictive power of filter paper toxicity tests for the environmental risk assessment of NPs. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
收录类别	SCI
WOS关键词	SOIL ; BIOAVAILABILITY ; ENVIRONMENT ; BEHAVIOR
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences
语种	英语
出版者	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
WOS记录号	WOS:000292802600009
内容类型	期刊论文
URI标识	http://www.corc.org.cn/handle/1471x/2558978
专题	南京土壤研究所
通讯作者	Zhou, Dong-Mei
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China 2.Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab Ecol Risk Assessment, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands 3.Leiden Univ, Inst Environm Sci CML, Leiden, Netherlands 4.Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Anim Ecol, Inst Ecol Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Li, Lian-Zhen,Zhou, Dong-Mei,Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M.,et al. Toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida and subcellular fractionation of Zn[J]. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL,2011,37(6):1098-1104.
APA	Li, Lian-Zhen.,Zhou, Dong-Mei.,Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M..,van Gestel, Cornelis A. M..,Jin, Sheng-Yang.,...&Wang, Peng.(2011).Toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida and subcellular fractionation of Zn.ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL,37(6),1098-1104.
MLA	Li, Lian-Zhen,et al."Toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida and subcellular fractionation of Zn".ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 37.6(2011):1098-1104.

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