Potential Impact of the Tropical Indian Ocean-Indonesian Seas on El Nino Characteristics

CORC > 南海海洋研究所 > 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 > 海洋科技动态信息-印太暖池系统研究

	Potential Impact of the Tropical Indian Ocean-Indonesian Seas on El Nino Characteristics
	Annamalai, H ; Kida, S ; Hafner, J
刊名	JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
	2010-01-01
卷号	23 期号:14 页码:3933-3952
ISSN号	0894-8755
通讯作者	hanna@hawaii.edu
中文摘要	Diagnostics performed with twentieth-century (1861-2000) ensemble integrations of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 2.1 (CM2.1) suggest that, during the developing phase, El Nino events that co-occur with the Indian Ocean Dipole Zonal Mode (IODZM; class 1) are stronger than those without (class 2). Also, during class 1 events coherent sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies develop in the Indonesian seas that closely follow the life cycle of IODZM. This study investigates the effect of these regional SST anomalies (equatorial Indian Ocean and Indonesian seas) on the amplitude of the developing El Nino. An examination of class 1 minus class 2 composites suggests two conditions that could lead to a strong El Nino in class 1 events: (i) during January, ocean-atmosphere conditions internal to the equatorial Pacific are favorable for the development of a stronger El Nino and (ii) during May-June, coinciding with the development of regional SST anomalies, an abrupt increase in westerly wind anomalies is noticeable over the equatorial western Pacific with a subsequent increase in thermocline and SST anomalies over the eastern equatorial Pacific. This paper posits the hypothesis that, under favorable conditions in the equatorial Pacific, regional SST anomalies may enable the development of a stronger El Nino. Owing to a wealth of feedbacks in CM2.1, solutions from a linear atmosphere model forced with May-June anomalous precipitation and anomalous SST from selected areas over the equatorial Indo-Pacific are examined. Consistent with our earlier study, the net Kelvin wave response to contrasting tropical Indian Ocean heating anomalies cancels over the equatorial western Pacific. In contrast, Indonesian seas SST anomalies account for about 60%-80% of the westerly wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific and also induce anomalous precipitation over the equatorial central Pacific. It is argued that the feedback between the precipitation and circulation anomalies results in an abrupt increase in zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific. Encouraged by these results, the authors further examined the processes that cause cold SST anomalies over the Indonesian seas using an ocean model. Sensitivity experiments suggest that local wind anomalies, through stronger surface heat loss and evaporation, and subsurface upwelling are the primary causes. The present results imply that in coupled models, a proper representation of regional air-sea interactions over the equatorial Indo-Pacific warm pool may be important to understand and predict the amplitude of El Nino.
学科主题	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
收录类别	SCI
原文出处	AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
公开日期	2011-07-14
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.scsio.ac.cn/handle/344004/8395]
专题	南海海洋研究所_海洋科技动态信息-印太暖池系统研究
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Annamalai, H,Kida, S,Hafner, J. Potential Impact of the Tropical Indian Ocean-Indonesian Seas on El Nino Characteristics[J]. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE,2010,23(14):3933-3952.
APA	Annamalai, H,Kida, S,&Hafner, J.(2010).Potential Impact of the Tropical Indian Ocean-Indonesian Seas on El Nino Characteristics.JOURNAL OF CLIMATE,23(14),3933-3952.
MLA	Annamalai, H,et al."Potential Impact of the Tropical Indian Ocean-Indonesian Seas on El Nino Characteristics".JOURNAL OF CLIMATE 23.14(2010):3933-3952.