A new species, Dysosma villosa Z.W.Wang & H.CXi, is described and illustrated based on collections from the Yueliang Mountains in Congjiang County of Guizhou, Southwestern China. It is morphologically similar to D. difformis (Hemsl. & E.H.Wilson) T.H.Wang ex. T.S.Ying, but can be easily distinguished from D. difformis by its inflorescences bearing a greater number of flowers (5-13 vs. 2-5), white-villous stems, petioles, and abaxial leaf blade, and stigma dark purple-red. In addition, we also compare this new species to the three species of I'odophyllum (i.e., P. glaucescens J.M.H.Shaw, P. hemsleyi J.M.H.Shaw & Stearn, and P. trilobulum J.M.H.Shaw) which are insufficiently known and listed as putative members of Dysosma in Flora of China. Dysosma villosa can also be easily distinguished from P. glaucescens (7-flowered; to 40 cm tall) and P. hemsleyi (4-flowered; to 40 cm tall) by its inflorescences bearing a greater number of flowers, relatively smaller stature (9-23 cm tall), stems, petioles and abaxial leaf blade densely white-villose. Although the stems and petioles of P. trilobulum also possess fine short hairs, it can be easily distinguished from D. villosa by its trilobulate leaves, inflorescence with fewer flowers (2-5), and the position of inflorescence (inserted at or above midpoint on petiole of upper leaf).