Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere of Nepal: Distribution, sources, seasonal trends, and cancer risk | |
Pokhrel, B (Pokhrel, Balram)1,3,4; Gong, P (Gong, Ping)1,2; Wang, XP (Wang, Xiaoping)1,2,3; Wang, CF (Wang, Chuanfei)1,2; Gao, SP (Gao, Shaoping)1 | |
刊名 | SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT |
2018-03-15 | |
卷号 | 618期号:0页码:1583-1590 |
关键词 | Punjab Province Pakistan Passive Air Samplers Source Identification Source Apportionment Spatial-distribution Kathmandu Valley Emission Factors North China Pahs Soils |
ISSN号 | 0048-9697 |
DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.329 |
英文摘要 | Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban areas have always been a global concern, as these areas are considered to be the source region. Despite studies on the concentrations of PAHs in water, soils and sediments, knowledge of the distribution patterns, seasonality and sources of PAHs in urban areas of Nepal remains limited. In this study, polyurethane foam passive air samplers were used to measure gas-phase PAH concentrations over different land types in three major cities of Nepal-namely, Kathmandu (the capital) and Pokhara (both densely populated cities), and Hetauda (an agricultural city). The average concentrations of Sigma 15PAHs in ng/m(3) were 16.1 +/- 7.0 (6.4-28.6), 14.1 +/- 6.2 (6.8-29.4) and 11.1 +/- 9.0 (4.1-38.0) in Kathmandu, Pokhara and Hetauda, respectively. Molecular diagnostic ratio analysis suggested that fossil fuel combustion was a common PAH source for all three cities. In addition to this, coal combustion in Kathmandu, vehicle emissions in Pokhara, and grass/wood combustion in Hetauda were also possible sources of PAHs. In terms of cancer risk from PAH inhalation, a religious site with intense incense burning, a brick production area where extensive coal combustion is common, and a market place with heavy traffic emission, were associated with a higher risk than other areas. There were no clear seasonal trends in atmospheric PAHs. The estimated cancer risk due to inhalation of gas-phase PAHs exceeded the USEPA standard at >90% of the sites. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
学科主题 | 地理学 |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
语种 | 英语 |
出版者 | ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000424130500157 |
内容类型 | 期刊论文 |
源URL | [http://ir.itpcas.ac.cn/handle/131C11/8704] |
专题 | 青藏高原研究所_图书馆 |
通讯作者 | Wang, XP (Wang, Xiaoping) |
作者单位 | 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; 2.CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China; 3.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China; 4.Kathmandu Univ, Dhulikhel, Nepal. |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Pokhrel, B ,Gong, P ,Wang, XP ,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere of Nepal: Distribution, sources, seasonal trends, and cancer risk[J]. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT ,2018,618(0):1583-1590. |
APA | Pokhrel, B ,Gong, P ,Wang, XP ,Wang, CF ,&Gao, SP .(2018).Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere of Nepal: Distribution, sources, seasonal trends, and cancer risk.SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT ,618(0),1583-1590. |
MLA | Pokhrel, B ,et al."Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere of Nepal: Distribution, sources, seasonal trends, and cancer risk".SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 618.0(2018):1583-1590. |
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