This paper reports a special midlatitudinal medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID) event, accompanied by a poleward surge of airglow depletion/enhancement and a bifurcation of depletion during the magnetically quiet period. These special structures were generated during a decreasing height of ionosphere with nighttime plasma density enhancement and increment of airglow emission intensity possibly caused by a passing-by midnight brightness wave. We suggest that the interaction of the passing-by MSTID and nighttime plasma density enhancement resulted in the poleward surge and bifurcation of airglow depletion. The nighttime plasma density enhancement could feed the high plasma density to interact with the airglow depletions of MSTID, causing the poleward surge and bifurcation of airglow depletion by the secondary gradient drift instability. The poleward surged airglow enhancement within two adjacent depletions of MSTID is also firstly reported in this study. ©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.