Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models

doi:10.5194/bg-14-5143-2017

	Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models
	Johansson, M (Johansson, Margareta)1; Chadburn, SE (Chadburn, Sarah E.)3,4; Krinner, G (Krinner, Gerhard)2; Porada, P (Porada, Philipp)5,6; Bartsch, A (Bartsch, Annett)7,8; Beer, C (Beer, Christian)5,6; Marchesini, LB (Marchesini, Luca Belelli)9,10; Boike, J (Boike, Julia)11; Ekici, A (Ekici, Altug)12; Elberling, B (Elberling, Bo)13
刊名	BIOGEOSCIENCES
	2017
卷号	14 期号:22 页码:5143-5169
关键词	Land-surface Model Lena River Delta Environment Simulator Jules Net Ecosystem Exchange Soil Organic-carbon Arctic Permafrost Site Active Layer Dynamics Polygonal Tundra Site Global Climate Model Seasonal Snow Cover
DOI	10.5194/bg-14-5143-2017
文献子类	Article
英文摘要	It is important that climate models can accurately simulate the terrestrial carbon cycle in the Arctic due to the large and potentially labile carbon stocks found in permafrost-affected environments, which can lead to a positive climate feedback, along with the possibility of future carbon sinks from northward expansion of vegetation under climate warming. Here we evaluate the simulation of tundra carbon stocks and fluxes in three land surface schemes that each form part of major Earth system models (JSBACH, Germany; JULES, UK; ORCHIDEE, France). We use a site-level approach in which comprehensive, high-frequency datasets allow us to disentangle the importance of different processes. The models have improved physical permafrost processes and there is a reasonable correspondence between the simulated and measured physical variables, including soil temperature, soil moisture and snow. We show that if the models simulate the correct leaf area index (LAI), the standard C3 photosynthesis schemes produce the correct order of magnitude of carbon fluxes. Therefore, simulating the correct LAI is one of the first priorities. LAI depends quite strongly on climatic variables alone, as we see by the fact that the dynamic vegetation model can simulate most of the differences in LAI between sites, based almost entirely on climate inputs. However, we also identify an influence from nutrient limitation as the LAI becomes too large at some of the more nutrient-limited sites. We conclude that including moss as well as vascular plants is of primary importance to the carbon budget, as moss contributes a large fraction to the seasonal CO2 flux in nutrient-limited conditions. Moss photosynthetic activity can be strongly influenced by the moisture content of moss, and the carbon uptake can be significantly different from vascular plants with a similar LAI. The soil carbon stocks depend strongly on the rate of input of carbon from the vegetation to the soil, and our analysis suggests that an improved simulation of photosynthesis would also lead to an improved simulation of soil carbon stocks. However, the stocks are also influenced by soil carbon burial (e.g. through cryoturbation) and the rate of heterotrophic respiration, which depends on the soil physical state. More detailed below-ground measurements are needed to fully evaluate biological and physical soil processes. Furthermore, even if these processes are well modelled, the soil carbon profiles cannot resemble peat layers as peat accumulation processes are not represented in the models. Thus, we identify three priority areas for model development: (1) dynamic vegetation including (a) climate and (b) nutrient limitation effects; (2) adding moss as a plant functional type; and an (3) improved vertical profile of soil carbon including peat processes.
学科主题	普通生物学
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000415568500002
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.itpcas.ac.cn/handle/131C11/7942]
专题	青藏高原研究所_图书馆
通讯作者	Chadburn, SE
作者单位	1.Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. 2.Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, France. 3.Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. 4.Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. 5.Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Analyt Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 6.Stockholm Univ, Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 7.Vienna Univ Technol, Dept Geodesy & Geoinformat, Vienna, Austria. 8.Austrian Polar Res Inst, Cryosphere & Climate, Vienna, Austria. 9.Far Eastern Fed Univ, Sch Nat Sci, Vladivostok, Russia. 10.VU, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Johansson, M ,Chadburn, SE ,Krinner, G ,et al. Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models[J]. BIOGEOSCIENCES,2017,14(22):5143-5169.
APA	Johansson, M .,Chadburn, SE .,Krinner, G .,Porada, P .,Bartsch, A .,...&Chadburn, SE.(2017).Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models.BIOGEOSCIENCES,14(22),5143-5169.
MLA	Johansson, M ,et al."Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models".BIOGEOSCIENCES 14.22(2017):5143-5169.