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	A combined experimental and numerical study on upper airway dosimetry of inhaled nanoparticles from an electrical discharge machine shop
	Tian, Lin1; Shang, Yidan1; Chen, Rui2; Bai, Ru2; Chen, Chunying2; Inthavong, Kiao1; Tu, Jiyuan1,3,4
刊名	Particle and fibre toxicology
	2017-07-12
卷号	14页码:18
关键词	Inhalation toxicity Nanoparticles Human upper airways Particle dosimetry Particle size distribution Computational fluid dynamics (cfd)
ISSN号	1743-8977
DOI	10.1186/s12989-017-0203-7
通讯作者	Chen, chunying(chenchy@nanoctr.cn) ; Tu, jiyuan(jiyuan.tu@rmit.edu.au)
英文摘要	Backgrounds: exposure to nanoparticles in the workplace is a health concern to occupational workers with increased risk of developing respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. based on animal inhalation study and human lung tumor risk extrapolation, current authoritative recommendations on exposure limits are either on total mass or number concentrations. effects of particle size distribution and the implication to regional airway dosages are not elaborated. methods: real time production of particle concentration and size distribution in the range from 5.52 to 98.2 nm were recorded in a wire-cut electrical discharge machine shop (wedm) during a typical working day. under the realistic exposure condition, human inhalation simulations were performed in a physiologically realistic nasal and upper airway replica. the combined experimental and numerical study is the first to establish a realistic exposure condition, and under which, detailed dose metric studies can be performed. in addition to mass concentration guided exposure limit, inhalation risks to nano-pollutant were reexamined accounting for the actual particle size distribution and deposition statistics. detailed dosimetries of the inhaled nano-pollutants in human nasal and upper airways with respect to particle number, mass and surface area were discussed, and empirical equations were developed. results: an astonishing enhancement of human airway dosages were detected by current combined experimental and numerical study in the wedm machine shop. up to 33 folds in mass, 27 folds in surface area and 8 folds in number dosages were detected during working hours in comparison to the background dosimetry measured at midnight. the real time particle concentration measurement showed substantial emission of nano-pollutants by wedm machining activity, and the combined experimental and numerical study provided extraordinary details on human inhalation dosimetry. it was found out that human inhalation dosimetry was extremely sensitive to real time particle concentration and size distribution. averaged particle concentration over 24-h period will inevitably misrepresent the sensible information critical for realistic inhalation risk assessment. conclusions: particle size distribution carries very important information in determining human airway dosimetry. a pure number or mass concentration recommendation on the exposure limit at workplace is insufficient. a particle size distribution, together with the deposition equations, is critical to recognize the actual exposure risks. in addition, human airway dosimetry in number, mass and surface area varies significantly. a complete inhalation risk assessment requires the knowledge of toxicity mechanisms in response to each individual metric. further improvements in these areas are needed.
WOS关键词	HUMAN NASAL CAVITY ; PARTICLE DEPOSITION ; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES ; INSPIRATORY DEPOSITION ; AEROSOL DEPOSITION ; REPLICATE CAST ; CFD MODEL ; FLOW ; PREDICTIONS ; FLUID
WOS研究方向	Toxicology
WOS类目	Toxicology
语种	英语
出版者	BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
WOS记录号	WOS:000405317500002
内容类型	期刊论文
URI标识	http://www.corc.org.cn/handle/1471x/2177272
专题	高能物理研究所
通讯作者	Chen, Chunying; Tu, Jiyuan
作者单位	1.RMIT Univ, Sch Engn Mech & Automot, Bundoora, Vic, Australia 2.Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol China, CAS Key Lab Biomed Effects Nanomat & Nanosafety, Beijing, Peoples R China 3.Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol China, CAS Ctr Excellence Nanosci, Beijing Key Lab Ambient Particles Hlth Effects &, Beijing, Peoples R China 4.Tsinghua Univ, Sch Architecture, Beijing, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Tian, Lin,Shang, Yidan,Chen, Rui,et al. A combined experimental and numerical study on upper airway dosimetry of inhaled nanoparticles from an electrical discharge machine shop[J]. Particle and fibre toxicology,2017,14:18.
APA	Tian, Lin.,Shang, Yidan.,Chen, Rui.,Bai, Ru.,Chen, Chunying.,...&Tu, Jiyuan.(2017).A combined experimental and numerical study on upper airway dosimetry of inhaled nanoparticles from an electrical discharge machine shop.Particle and fibre toxicology,14,18.
MLA	Tian, Lin,et al."A combined experimental and numerical study on upper airway dosimetry of inhaled nanoparticles from an electrical discharge machine shop".Particle and fibre toxicology 14(2017):18.

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