There is a lot of evidence that the internal material of the earth is widely superimposed on the effect of differential stress in addition to the isotropic rock pressure. Differential stress has an important contribution to the free energy of matter, and free energy is the decisive factor in controlling the composition, texture, structure, trait and interaction process of material system. Therefore, the difference stress is the same as the temperature and the isotropic rock pressure, which is one of the most basic thermodynamic variables that control the internal material system of the earth. At the same time, the geological processes of the compaction of the sediments, magmatic differentiation, metamorphic dehydration, atmospheric precipitation, plate subduction and seawater seepage can produce high temperature and high pressure (pore and fracture) water fluid in the crust and even the upper mantle. Thus, there is extensive material and thermodynamic state of the interaction of water-solid (minerals, rocks, ores and solid organic matter) under high temperature, high confining pressure and differential stress in the crust and even upper mantle. On the other hand, the interaction between the solid matter and the high temperature and high pressure water fluid, which is under the high temperature and high pressure, originates from the various physical-chemical processes occurring at the water-solid interface, and these colorful physical and chemical processes. The occurrence and development of the solid sample itself by the free energy constraints. It is clear that the various physical-chemical thermodynamics and kinetic processes that occur at the interface of the fluid-solid interface on the solid sample are subject to additional thermodynamic variables, and the differential stress is necessarily a significant response, on the one hand Solid surface and internal solid phase and chemical composition, texture, structure and various properties of the response to differential stress, on the other hand also reflected in the composition of water, structure and traits of the response to differential stress, thus showing a variety of forms mechanics - chemical coupling. Undoubtedly, the identification of these mechanics - chemical coupling plays a decisive role to the people aware of the earth's internal occurrence of a variety of earth thermodynamics and dynamics of the process, especially in the exploration of the Earth's various diagenetic effects of mineralization.The experimental study of water and solid interaction of shallow crust in high temperature and high pressure is the most important research field. So far, the water-solid interaction experimental platform, which can simulate the depth of the shallow crust, the isotropic rock pressure and the differential stress condition, includes the Paterson press, the Conventional triaxial stress testing machine and the experimental apparatus for differential stress of autoclave. However, all three types of platforms have the following deficiencies: (1) The operating temperature and confining pressure of conventional triaxial stress testing machine and the experimental apparatus for differential stress of autoclave is low; (2) Poor compatibility of functional limitations, such as Paterson press and conventional triaxial stress testing machines; (3) The working mode of all three types of experimental platforms is single. All of these defects have seriously hindered the understanding of the fluid-solid interaction process under the differential stress of the crust. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more functional high temperature and high pressure test device and in situ measurement technology to reveal the law of material movement within the Earth.This paper successfully developed a water-solid interaction experiment device based on the principles of mechanical, geometrical optics, spectroscopy and automatic control, which can adapt to the high temperature, high confining pressure and differential stress condition of shallow crust.(1) The device has a strong compatibility with white light imaging system, in situ measurement system of Raman spectroscopy, in situ measurement system of three-electrode electrochemical, in situ measurement system of combined chemical sensor and other in situ observation system. This device has all of working modes of three existing types of platforms, including the confining pressure+void pressure+differential stress working model of Paterson press and conventional triaxial stress testing machine, and the working mode of the experimental apparatus for differential stress of autoclave that the water fluid interacting directly with the solid sample subjected to differential stress.(2) The maximum working temperature and confining pressure of the device can reach 650℃ and 100 MPa at the same time. It can carry out various mechanical tests at high temperature and high confining pressure, in which the measurement and control precision of differential stress is 0.1 MPa.(3) The pressure of the small volume of the pressure vessel can be precisely adjusted with the fluid pressure control system of the device, the pressure medium can be a water or gas, or it a mixture of water and gas. The pressure control accuracy of the step-up and step-down process is 0.1 MPa. The confining pressure is independent of the temperature in the case of high temperature and high pressure without changing the composition of the system.(4) The accuracy of measuring the deformation of solid sample reaches 0.5 μm and the resolution is 0.01 μm. With the aid of the high resolution white light imaging system, the in-situ measurement of the axial and radial strain can be achieved more accurately than the existing three types of platforms(5) The heating system of the device, arrangement of heating and cooling system in the wall space within the 15 mm. The outer wall temperature of the heating furnace is lower than 50℃ and the window temperature is lower than 80℃ when the temperature of the inner wall of the heating furnace is 700℃. The temperature control accuracy of the pressure vessel is ±1℃.(6) The reliability of the experimental device and the experimental method was successfully tested by using the titanium alloy (TC11), which is commonly used in the experimental geochemical study. The compression elastic modulus of the TC11 titanium alloy was tested for the first time under high pressure hydrothermal environment.