A half-century of global phosphorus flows, stocks, production, consumption, recycling, and environmental impacts

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.12.005

	A half-century of global phosphorus flows, stocks, production, consumption, recycling, and environmental impacts
	Chen, Minpeng 1,2,3; Graedel, T. E.2
刊名	GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS
	2016
卷号	36 页码:139-152
关键词	Flows Stock Production and consumption Recycling Environmental impacts
ISSN号	0959-3780
DOI	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.12.005
通讯作者	Chen, Minpeng
英文摘要	Many contemporary aspects of the global phosphorus cycle have been evaluated over the last several years, but a comprehensive picture over time has not yet been provided. In this work, we generate a detailed quantitative picture of dynamic phosphorus stocks and flows, for both human and animal uses, from 1961 to 2013. During that half-century, total phosphorus consumption has increased fivefold, to 31 million metric tons (31 Tg). However, losses and diversions from extraction to final consumption result in only about 22% of the extracted phosphorus being actually consumed as human food. Agricultural practices have changed as well, with on-farm wastes yielding to manufactured fertilizers as the primary source of phosphorus. Non-food uses such as detergents and metal coatings were about five times larger in 2013 than in 1961, though they currently account for only about a quarter of all phosphorus use. Waste phosphorus flows to water, dominated by agricultural operations in 1961, have now been overtaken by loss from phosphate rock mining. Overall, the phosphorus cycle shows a history of inefficiency and loss, but also many opportunities for improvements that could lead to a much more sustainable situation going forward. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
学科主题	Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Studies ; Geography
语种	英语
出版者	ELSEVIER SCI LTD
WOS记录号	WOS:000370992100012
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://111.203.20.206/handle/2HMLN22E/19723]
专题	农业环境与可持续发展研究所
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev Agr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China 2.Yale Univ, Ctr Ind Ecol, New Haven, CT 06511 USA 3.Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Chen, Minpeng,Graedel, T. E.. A half-century of global phosphorus flows, stocks, production, consumption, recycling, and environmental impacts[J]. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS,2016,36:139-152.
APA	Chen, Minpeng,&Graedel, T. E..(2016).A half-century of global phosphorus flows, stocks, production, consumption, recycling, and environmental impacts.GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS,36,139-152.
MLA	Chen, Minpeng,et al."A half-century of global phosphorus flows, stocks, production, consumption, recycling, and environmental impacts".GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS 36(2016):139-152.