不同类型棉田棉铃虫天敌功能团的组成及时空动态

	不同类型棉田棉铃虫天敌功能团的组成及时空动态
	万方浩; 刘万学; 郭建英
刊名	生态学报
	2002
卷号	22 期号:6 页码:935-942
关键词	棉铃虫 Bt棉天敌功能团多样性丰富度群落重建
ISSN号	1000-0933
其他题名	Comparison Analyses of the Functional Groups of Natural Enemy in Transgenic Bt-cotton Field and Non-transgenic Cotton Fields With IPM, and Chemical Control
英文摘要	比较分析转Bt基因棉棉田、常规棉综防棉田和常规棉化防棉田棉铃虫天敌功能团的组成、数量、时空和多样性的发生动态。主要结果为： Bt棉田比常规棉综防棉田和化防棉田天敌种类分别增加16.3%和51.1%；百株累计捕食性天敌数量分别增加52.8%和176.3%，棉铃虫幼虫寄生蜂数量分别降低42.9%和52.9%；天敌功能团多样性分别增加10.1%和24.1%。常规棉棉田二代、三代棉铃虫幼虫寄生率分别为11.1% ～ 65.0%和4.1% ～ 66.2%，Bt棉田为0.0% ～ 5.0%。就不同类型天敌功能团来说，Bt棉田瓢虫和草蛉的数量比综防棉田分别减少8.4%和5.8%，比化防棉田分别增加34.1%和206.3%；Bt棉田食虫蝽和蜘蛛的数量比综防棉田分别增加180.6%和71.2，比化防棉田分别增加329.1%和483.7%。棉铃虫捕食性天敌空间生态位发生动态在各类棉田相似。分析认为：Bt棉田有利于保护瓢虫和草蛉，有利于食虫蝽和蜘蛛类天敌的增殖；Bt棉田棉铃虫天敌群落依次比常规棉综防棉田和化防棉田稳定。不同时期、不同类型棉田的棉铃虫天敌功能团数量和所起的作用不同。6月下旬棉铃虫捕食性天敌控制作用存在“空缺”，7月下旬化防棉田出现天敌控制“空缺”。不同时期捕食性天敌功能团恢复能力有差异，6月底～ 7月初天敌恢复能力最强，7月下旬，天敌恢复能力最弱。天敌功能团中，瓢虫恢复能力最强，食虫蝽类和蜘蛛类天敌次之。; Based on the survey in 1997, a further systematic survey was made in a transgenic Bt cotton field and two non-transgenic cotton fields (on with IPM, one with chemical control) in Nanpi county, Hebei province, in 1998. The main purposes for this research were to understand the time-space dynamics of the different functional groups in different types of cotton fields, and work out a new IPM strategy in transgenic Bt cotton fields. In an area of 0.3 hm~2 for each field, 10 plants in 10 pots were fixed for sampling. The population of the target insect pest, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), its predators and parasitoids were observed every 5-days from May to October. The natural enemies were classified into six groups: ladybirds, lacewings, predatory bugs, spiders, parasitic wasps and other predators. Compared to the conventional IPM and the chemically controlled cotton fields, we found that: (1) The total numbers of predators and parasitoids species in the transgenic Bt cotton field were 57; higher than in the other two fields by 16.3% and 54.1%, respectively; (2) The total number of individual predators were 2757 in transgenic Bt cotton field, higher by 52.8% and 176.3%, than in the two non-Bt fields, respectively; (3) The total number of parasitic wasps (Microplitis mediatar and Campoletis chlorideae) in transgenic Bt cotton field was 16, decreased by 42.9% and 52.9%, respectively; (4)Larval parasitism of cotton bollworm in transgenic Bt cotton field was only 0% ～ 5.0%, while in the non-Bt cotton fields parasitism was 11.1% ～ 65.0% for the second generation of H. armigera, and 4.1% ～ 66.2% for the third generation; (5) The numbers of ladybirds (Propylaea japonica, Coccinella septempunctata, and others) and lacewings (Chrysopa spp. ) in transgenic Bt cotton fields were 724 and 49, decreased by 8.4% and 5.8% compared with the IPM cotton field, but higher by 34.1% and 206.3% when compared with the chemically controlled cotton field; (6)The numbers of predatory bugs (Orius spp., Campylomma diversicornis, Nabis spp. and others) and spiders in transgenic Bt cotton fields increased by 180.6% and 71.2%, compared to the IPM cotton field, and increased by 329.1% and 483.7% compared to the chemically controlled cotton field; and (7) The diversity of natural enemy groups increased by 10.1% and 24.1%, respectively. In transgenic Bt cotton field, the number of predators reached a peak in mid-August. By numbers, the dominant natural enemy group was ladybirds in the early season, predatory bugs and spiders in midseason, while spiders and predatory bugs during the late-stage of cotton growth. Compared to the chemically controlled cotton field, predators in the IPM cotton field were quicker to reinvade the field. Ladybirds seemed to reinvade first, followed by predatory bugs and spiders. Niche width indices of all predator groups in the three types of cotton fields were 0.85, 0.81 and 0.72, respectively. THis indicated that the spatial dynamics of all predators was very similar. The abundances of all predator groups in the upper part of plant in the three types of cotton fields were 0.406, 38.2 and 43.7, respectively; not significantly different from each other. However, there were significant differences during the different generations of cotton bolloworm. In each type of cotton field, predators in the upper part of plant were most abundant during the second generation of H. armigera (abundance value was 0.706, 0.517 and 0.594, respectively). During the third generation of H. armigera, the abundances were lower (0.346, 0.419 and 0.499 respectively). These results showed that the transgenic Bt cotton field helped to conserve ladybirds and lacewings, and supported higher numbers of predatory bugs and spiders. The predator community in transgenic Bt cotton field was more stable than that of either the IPM or the chemically controlled cotton field. Based on the above analyses, the management measures for different generations of cotton bollworm in different eco-type cotton fields were worked out.
学科主题	植物保护
语种	中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://111.203.20.206/handle/2HMLN22E/17687]
专题	农业环境与可持续发展研究所
作者单位	中国农业科学院生物防治研究所, 农业部农作物病虫草害生物防治资源研究与利用重点实验室, 北京, 100081
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	万方浩,刘万学,郭建英. 不同类型棉田棉铃虫天敌功能团的组成及时空动态[J]. 生态学报,2002,22(6):935-942.
APA	万方浩,刘万学,&郭建英.(2002).不同类型棉田棉铃虫天敌功能团的组成及时空动态.生态学报,22(6),935-942.
MLA	万方浩,et al."不同类型棉田棉铃虫天敌功能团的组成及时空动态".生态学报 22.6(2002):935-942.