| 题名 | 中国城市可持续发展效率的综合测度与演变规律 |
| 作者 | 王辰星 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2016-06 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 吴钢 ; 严岩 |
| 关键词 | 城市，可持续效率，数据包络分析，关键要素，中国 |
| 其他题名 | Measurement and evolution trendency of Chinese urban sustainable development efficiency |
| 学位专业 | 环境经济与环境管理 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着城市化进程的不断推进，城市已成为世界发展的主导方向。城市承载着人类社会在自然资本与人类福利之间获得平衡与和谐的诉求，城市的可持续在某种程度上意味着世界的可持续。城市是典型的社会-经济-自然复合生态系统，城市复合生态系统的复杂性是困扰和影响城市可持续发展研究的主要难题与挑战，因此，城市可持续发展要求的研究必须以系统科学的思维方式来进行思考和研究。社会公平、经济繁荣、生态稳定、资源持续、环境健康是城市可持续发展的最终目标，对城市可持续发展能力的系统研究和综合度量对于推动城市最终实际走向可持续性具有重要的作用。 城市的可持续发展很难完全对人造资本和自然资本进行还原式的拆分，城市可持续发展要求既不能完全按照弱可持续性的要求仅仅维持总资本的持续稳定，也不能完全遵循强可持续性的原则严格维持自然资本的不可替代性。城市可持续发展目标与框架的确定需要在强弱可持续性的原则以及城市复合生态系统特征的基础上进行权衡与协同。基于城市复合生态系统与可持续发展框架的研究基础，在强弱可持续性的原则下，本研究构建了权衡强弱可持续性的城市可持续发展能力综合度量体系，主要对中国 287个地级城市在 1985年-2010年间的城市可持续发展的效率做出评价，基于城市可持续发展效率的评估结果，分析城市可持续发展的关键性制约要素、影响要素及其相互关系，探索对中国城市可持续发展的演变机制与阶段性趋势。研究结果显示： （1）1985-2010年间，中国的城市可持续发展效率整体呈波动增加的趋势，可持续发展高效的城市数量逐渐增多。从空间分布来看，东部沿海地区可持续发展高效的城市数量比西部略多，但区域差异逐渐变小。从城市规模来看，巨大型城市的可持续优势逐步提升。输入要素对中国城市可持续发展效率的平均综合影响度明显高于输出要素。资源消耗、能源消费与污染负荷对城市可持续发展具有显著影响的关键性要素。 （2）输入要素对中国城市可持续发展效率的累积制约度排序依次为化石能源 >城市用水 >污水排放 >建设用地。输出要素对中国城市可持续发展效率的累积制约度排序依次为居民住房>教育财政福利 >绿地休闲 >恩格尔系数>GDP外部贡献>空气质量。自然资源子系统的综合制约度较高的城市主要分布在中国的长江流域下游区域和东部沿海地区。 （3）城市规模、经济水平、资源消耗、能源消费、产业结构等是城市可持续发展重要的影响因素。城市规模对中国城市的可持续发展呈负向影响作用，表明对于中国的大部分城市，单纯以城市规模扩大促进发展的方式不是可持续的城市发展模式。经济水平对城市可持续发展呈正向影响，经济水平高的城市相对拥有较高的城可持续发展效率，说明中国城市的仍需要通过不断提高经济发展水平来促进城市的可持续发展，城市的可持续发展不能通过停滞和忽视经济发展实现。除此之外，城市可持续发展也需要通过调整产业结构、提高资源能源效率、提升经济发展能力等各个方面的综合发展来实现。 |
| 英文摘要 | Along with the urbanization, urban development have been the main direction of the world development. Cities, have been carried the demands and objectives of human society getting balance and harmony between natural capital and human well-beings. The urban sustainability, in some way, means the world sustainability. As the typical Social-Economic-Natural Complex Ecosystem, complexity is the main puzzle and challenge for urban sustainability. Therefore, in a systematic perspective, the urban sustainability aim for the balance between equal society, prosperity economy, stable ecosystems, sustainable resources, and healthy environment. The research on the urban sustainability and its measurement have important help to promote the urban sustainability. Because of the factors complexity, the urban sustainability can hardly completely separate the human-made capital and natural capital in reductionist mode. The urban sustainable development, could neither just maintain the stable total capital including human-made capital and natural capital based on the principle of weak sustainability, nor strictly keep the irreplaceability of natural capital completely according to the principle of strong sustainability. Based on the urban complex ecosystem, sustainable developm ent framework and the principle of strong and weak sustainability, this paper constructed the measurement framework of urban sustainability, assessed the urban sustainable efficiency of Chinese 287 cities. According to the urban sustainable efficiency results, this paper analyzed the main constraint factors and impact factors and their interrelations, and explored the evolvement mechanism and periodical tendency of Chinese urban sustainable development. The results showed that, (1) From 1985 to 2010, the Chinese urban sustainable development efficiency have been increasing with variability and the amount of cities with high urban sustainable development efficiency also have been increasing. In spatial, the cities with high urban sustainable development efficiency in eastern were slightly more than that in western. From the perspective of urban sizes, the super cites have some superiority in urban sustainability. The impact of input factors on urban sustainable development efficiency were obviously higher than the output factors. The resources, energy and pollutant were all the key factors on urban sustainable development. (2) The constraint degrees of input factors on Chinese urban sustainable development efficiency were, from high to low, fossil energy, urb an water consumption, pollutant, and construction land. The constraint degrees of output factors on Chinese urban sustainable development efficiency were, from high to low, residential housing, educational finance, ecological recreation greenbelt, Engel coefficient, GDP, and air quality. The cities with higher constraint degrees in natural subsystem were mainly located in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River basin and the east coastal area. (3) The urban size, level of economic development, resources consumption, energy consumption, and industrial structure and so on, were all the important impact factors on urban sustainable development. The urban size had a negative influence on Chinese urban sustainable development, which means that for the most of Chinese cities, the urban sustainable development could not just rely on the urban size enlargement. The cities with high level of economic development always had relatively high urban sustainable development efficiency, which means that the Chinese urban sustainable development still need promote urban economic development. In addition, the ntion to readjusting the industrial structure, improving the resources and energy efficiency, and promoting the economic development. |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/36967]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王辰星. 中国城市可持续发展效率的综合测度与演变规律[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2016. |
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