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	双加工逃生决策的顺序替代效应
	陈石 ; 李虹 ; Chen Shi ; Li Hong
	2016-03-30 ; 2016-03-30
关键词	顺序替代 双加工加工 决策 信息 直觉 分析 substitution effects dual-process decision-making information intuition deliberation B842
其他题名	The Substitution Effect of Intuition and Deliberation in Escape Decision- Making
中文摘要	探讨当信息以不同方式呈现时双加工逃生决策的顺序替代效应。采用单因素完全随机设计,将180名被试平均分配到直觉、分析和直觉后分析三种条件下考察其逃生决策。结果表明:(1)信息直接呈现时,直觉和分析决策、以及直觉和直觉后分析决策均差异显著且趋势相同;(2)信息隐含呈现时,直觉和分析决策差异显著,但直觉和直觉后分析决策差异不显著。结论:当信息直接呈现时个体的逃生决策存在顺序替代;而当信息隐含呈现时存在反顺序替代。; Based on the Dual- process theory,the current studies of interactions between intuition and deliberation have focused mostlyon independent and combination function of each other; only a few works are related to the sequential relationship,and even less discussion isaboutemergency settings. However,the sequential relationship of intuition and deliberation,which we call the Substitution Effects,occurs frequently in people's daily life,especially in emergency situations. For example,during an examination,people might first make a choice by gut feeling,and then change it after a few minutes of deliberative thinking. Similarly in emergency situations, most people tend to make an urgent decision without thinking much at first,and then change it when they have time to think deliberately. The purpose of this study is to explore the Substitution Effects of intuition and deliberation sequential decision- making under an escape condition. The Substitution Effects of intuition and deliberation is a phenomenon that anearlier intuitive decision- making results are substituted by a later deliberative process. However,sometimes the substitution effects might reverse as the later deliberation is influenced by the earlier intuition. In addition,past studies showed that different presentations of the same information influenced the individual's judgment and decision- making. Thus,this study discusses the influence of different forms of the same information on the Substitution Effects. In this study,the information presented is classified as explicit and implicit clues by clarity. Two preliminary experiments are conducted before two main ones. The two preliminary experiments are to construct the explicit and implicit escape information clues during a fire hazard. The explicit information clues consist of three main escapeways: running to the exit,avoiding the smoke,and following the people. The implicit information clues consist of 18 words corresponding to the explicit ones as follows: words corresponding to"running to the exit"are exit,safety,passageway,get out,exit route,doorway; words corresponding to"avoiding the smoke"are smokeless,breathe,less smoke,fresh air,aeration,pleasant; words corresponding to "following the people"are following,go after,follower,pedestrian flow,crowd,crowded. A total of 180 subjects are recruited for the two main studies. The two main studies are to explore the Substitution Effects of intuition and deliberation when people make escape decisions with explicit and implicit information clues presented. In each study,90 subjects are randomly and equally assigned to conditions in the 3 modes of thought: intuition,deliberation and deliberation- after- intuition,as a between- group one- factorial design. The dependent variable is the choice of escape decision- making. Instructions are used to prime different types of thought,and a fire hazard audio is used to prime the emotion of fire emergency. Emotions before and after being aroused are significantly different indicating that the situation priming is successful,and thought priming is also checked. The main findings are:( 1) Withexplicit escape information clues presented,significantly fewer subjects choose"following the people"on the conditions of deliberation- after- intuition( χ2( 1,N =59) =9. 32,p =. 002) and deliberation( χ2( 1,N =59) =5. 77,p =. 02),compared with the intuition condition,but there are no significant differences on the other two choices( on the condition of deliberation- after- intuition,( χ2( 1,N =59) =. 74,p =. 39) for"running to the exit"and( χ2( 1,N =59) =1. 49,p =. 22) for"avoiding the smoke"; on the condition of deliberation,( χ2( 1,N =59) =. 37,p =. 54) for "running to the exit"and( χ2( 1,N =59) =1. 49,p =. 22) for"avoiding the smoke".).( 2) With implicit escape information clues presented,there are some significant differences between intuition and deliberation( significantly fewer subjects choose "following the people"( χ2( 1,N =59) =6. 26,p =. 01),but there are no significant differences in the other two choices,( χ2( 1,N =59) =. 43, p =. 51) for"running to the exit"and( χ2( 1,N =59) =. 60,p =. 44) for"avoiding the smoke"),but there are no significant differences between intuition and deliberation- after- intuition( χ2( 1,N =59) =1. 06,p =. 30) for"following the people",( χ2( 1,N = 59) =. 00,p = 1. 00) for"running to the exit"and( χ2( 1,N = 59) =. 60,p =. 44) for"avoiding the smoke"). The conclusions are:( 1) Deliberation partly substitutes the former intuition when explicit information clues are presented in a fire escape situation.( 2) With some implicit information clues presented,deliberation does not substitute the former intuition but is informed by it in a fire escape situation,which can be called the Reverse Substitution Effect.
语种	中文 ; 中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/ir/item.do?handle=123456789/148110]
专题	清华大学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陈石,李虹,Chen Shi,等. 双加工逃生决策的顺序替代效应[J],2016, 2016.
APA	陈石,李虹,Chen Shi,&Li Hong.(2016).双加工逃生决策的顺序替代效应..
MLA	陈石,et al."双加工逃生决策的顺序替代效应".(2016).

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