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	中国耕地占补平衡政策的成效与局限
	孙蕊 ; 孙萍 ; 吴金希 ; 张景奇 ; SUN Rui ; SUN Ping ; WU Jin-xi ; ZHANG Jing-qi
	2016-03-30 ; 2016-03-30
关键词	耕地占补平衡政策 政策分析 政策演变 政策目标 政策效果 cultivated land requisition-compensation balance policy policy analysis policy evolution policy targets policy effectiveness F323.211
其他题名	Effectiveness and Limitations of Cultivated Land Requisition-compensation Balance Policy in China
中文摘要	1997年至今,我国耕地占补平衡政策已在全国范围实施了十余年,其政策目标也经历了由"耕地占补过程"的数量-质量-生态平衡的发展变化。从耕地占补平衡政策执行情况、耕地总量和粮食产量3个指标分别评价不同时期的政策效果。自2001年全国各省(区、市)从总体上已实现耕地占补平衡政策在"数量平衡"上的要求;但是我国耕地总量却持续下降,补充耕地质量无法得到保障;而且我国粮食产量与耕地数量、质量变化情况也有着直接的关联。虽然耕地占补平衡政策在国内生产和社会生活等方面发挥了积极作用,但事实上,我国"耕地占补过程"还存在很多问题没有从根本上得到解决,暴露出政策效果的局限性,如:"只占不补"、"多占少补"等违法用地现象未根本遏制;"占优补劣"进一步引发生态恶化;"先占后补"继续发酵社会不公。从公共政策视角,进一步研究发现:在政策目标上,耕地占补平衡政策过多地强调于确保补充耕地与建设占用耕地的"数量平衡",而忽视了耕地占补过程的"质量平衡"和"生态平衡"等多重目标;在政策内容设计上,耕地占补平衡政策更加偏重于对"占用耕地"及其补偿的要求,但缺少对"补充耕地"环节的规范,从而导致我国耕地质量整体水平下降;在政策执行中,由于该政策在客观上增大了耕地供给难度,而地方政府与中央政府博弈目标的非一致性导致行政角色偏差。在此基础上,从政策目标、政策内容、地方政府的角色转变和公众参与机制4个方面提出改进耕地占补平衡政策的对策建议。; It has been more than ten years since Cultivated Land Requisition-compensation Balance Policy was implemented in China in 1997. Its targets also underwent the changes from quantity to quality balance,and finally to ecological equilibrium. This paper evaluates the policy effectiveness from three indicators: the policy implementation,the total amount of cultivated land and the grain output in China. On the whole,the goal of ‘quantity balance ' has been achieved in all provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities since 2001. But the total amount of cultivated land in China continues to decline and the quality of supplementary cultivated land can not be guaranteed. Moreover,the changes in the quantity and quality of cultivated land directly affect grain output in China. Although the policy plays a positive role in the domestic production and social life,in fact,there are still a lot of problems unsolved in the requisition and compensation of cultivated land,which exposed its limitations. For example,such illegal use of land as occupying cultivated land with less or no compensation has not been fundamentally curbed; occupying fertile land and replenishing it with poor one will further lead to ecological deterioration; besides,delayed supplement will continue to cause social injustice. From the perspective of public policy,the further research shows that as far as the policy targets are concerned,the policy overemphasized the ‘quantity balance'in occupation and compensation of farmland,ignoring the multiple targets such as ‘quality balance'and ‘ecological balance'. As for policy formulation,this policy puts more emphasis on the occupation of cultivated land and the requirement of compensation for the occupied land,but lacks a specification of how to supplement arable land,resulting in the decrease in the overall quality of cultivated land in China. In the implementation,the policy has objectively increased the difficulty of land supply. Meanwhile the inconsistency and conflict between the local governments and the central government targets caused deviation in the administrative roles. Finally,based on public policy targets,policy content,the transformation of the role of local governments and the mechanism of public participation,some suggestions are put forward to improve the policy.
语种	中文 ; 中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/ir/item.do?handle=123456789/147873]
专题	清华大学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	孙蕊,孙萍,吴金希,等. 中国耕地占补平衡政策的成效与局限[J],2016, 2016.
APA	孙蕊.,孙萍.,吴金希.,张景奇.,SUN Rui.,...&ZHANG Jing-qi.(2016).中国耕地占补平衡政策的成效与局限..
MLA	孙蕊,et al."中国耕地占补平衡政策的成效与局限".(2016).

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