As a rising star of the nanocarbon family, carbon nanodots have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent luminescent properties such as good dispersibility, stability biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness have been widely used in many areas of fundamental and technical importance. To date, intense researches focus on the exploration of new synthesis routes, luminescence properties and mechanism of carbon dots. However, Knowledge into the origins of their optical properties is a matter of current debate and requires greater clarication. Therefore, research still focuses on the intrinsic luminescence mechanism and its further application. Chemiluminescence (CL) is the light emission through a chemical reaction, which is important to investigate the reaction dynamics and light emission properties. The CL reaction must meet the following requirements: a chemical reaction can produce energy; an electronically excited intermediate or product is obtained during the reaction, means formation an electronic excited state channel; Excited states energy release in the form of direct or indirect light emission. In addition, carbon nanodots have surface defects, special energy level structure and quantum size effect, these can be the basis to induced a chemiluminescence reaction and create the light emission. Carbon nanodots also have other properties, such as catalytic activity, surface adsorption properties, etc. Based on these effects and characteristics of carbon nanodots, we speculated that carbon can induct liquid chemiluminescence reaction. The dissertation aims to investigate the CL properties of carbon nanodots in alkaline solution, explore the possible CL mechanism and expand their analysis application. The main contents and obtained results are as follows: 1. Carbon dots were synthesized via a facile, green and economic microwave hydrothermal route. We found a surprising CL behavior of fluorescent carbon dots in the presence of a strong alkaline solution, such as NaOH or KOH. In this work, carbon dots were first demonstrated the ability of CL only in the presence of a strong alkaline solution and the possible CL emission mechanism was discussed .We observed that CL was generated when only a strongly alkaline solution was injected into the carbon dots, without the presence of any CL reagent, CL system or oxidants. The CL intensity was dependent on the concentration of the base and carbon dots in a certain range. A possible CL mechanism was studied by UV-Vis, fluorescence, CL, FTIR, XPS and EPR spectroscopy. We verified the chemiluminescent characteristics of the carbon dots and the CL could be attributed to the various surface energy traps that existed on the carbon dots. Radiative recombination of the injected electrons by “chemical reduction” of carbon dots with thermally excited generated holes was proposed. To validate the universal chemiluminescent nature of the carbon dots in the presence of a strong alkaline solution, carbon dots were prepared by pyrolysis of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) salts, and similar CL behavior was accompanied with the addition of different concentrations of NaOH. The discovery may facilitate full understanding the properties of the fascinating materials. 2. The CL of Carbon dots induced by directly chemical oxidation in alkaline medium was discussed. It was found that oxidants, especially potassium ferricyanide, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate, could directly oxidize carbon dots to produce strong CL emission in alkaline aqueous conditions. The CL reactions were very quick and the CL intensity reached a maximum in 0.4 s. The possible CL mechanism was proposed based on the photoluminescence spectra, CL emission spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CL of the system could also be attributed to carbon dots. Meanwhile, the existent of singly occupied orbital in carbon dots was proved by electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, and holes could be injected into the carbon dots by oxidants. Moreover the XPS results after the addition of K3Fe(CN)6 demonstrated that the existence of the redox process. The peaks at 706 eV and 718.9 eV are attributed to Fe(0), which indicated that K3Fe(CN)6 can oxidize carbon dots, K3Fe(CN)6 correspondingly were reduced to Fe. Base on the above study, the possible CL mechanism of the carbon dots induced directly by chemical oxidation could be explained as the emission of light by recombination of injected holes and electrons on the surface of the carbon dots. The alkaline condition is vital to the CL emission, injected NaOH can induce the increasing of electron donating group O-H on the surface of carbon dots, which facilitated the radiative recombination of surface-trapped electrons and holes, then enhanced the CL emission. The CL properties of carbon nanodots will provide a new approach to study the optical properties of the new luminescent materials and lay a good foundation for their potential uses in many fields.