题名重复基因表达变化对脊椎动物中枢神经系统进化的影响及文昌鱼早期胚胎发育基因表达谱分析
作者陈源
学位类别博士
答辩日期2010-06
授予单位中国科学院研究生院
授予地点北京
导师毛炳宇
关键词基因复制 中枢神经系统进化 高通量测序 基因调控网络
其他题名Evolution of the vertebrate central nervous system through novel expression changes of duplicated genes and gene expression profiling of amphioxus development
学位专业细胞生物学
中文摘要中枢神经系统在从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物的进化过程中,发生了一系列的变化,神经元数量大大增多,同时形成了具有端脑、中后脑交界组织者的三分脑结构。基因复制是进化过程中最为基本的遗传学变化,它为产生新基因提供了重要材料。为了研究基因复制在脊椎动物中枢神经系统进化中的作用,我们使用生物信息学的方法鉴定了一组脊椎动物中枢神经系统特异性表达基因,这些基因在脊椎动物起源的过程中发生了基因复制。我们使用原位杂交的方法, 获得了这些重复基因在脊椎动物非洲爪蛙以及与无脊椎动物文昌鱼中的表达模式。通过对比重复基因和祖先基因的表达模式,我们发现仅有一部分基因他的表达在非洲爪蛙和文昌鱼中较为保守,同时有很大一部分中枢神经系统特异性基因来源于无脊椎动的非神经区域,这些基因通过表达的迁移或者扩增而开始在中枢神经系统区域表达。另外,虽然非洲爪蛙的重复基因大多在中枢神经系统中表达,但是这些重复基因之间基本上全部都已发生了表达的分化。我们认为这些基因的变化可能是脊椎动物中枢神经系统进化的重要动力。 文昌鱼是现存最接近于脊椎动物的无脊椎动物,研究它早期发育过程中的调控基因和调控网络,对于我们研究发育生物学、进化生物学都有着重要的意义。我们收集了11个胚胎发育早期以及雌雄成体的mRNA样品,通过数字化表达谱的方法获得各基因表达数据。同时我们将所有样品mRNA混合,建立均一化cDNA文库,使用454和Solexa新一代高通量测序方法获得整个文昌鱼转录组信息。我们将通过这些数据进一步研究早期胚胎发育调控相关基因和机制。
英文摘要During the transition from invertebrates to vertebrates, the central nervous system has undergone a series of striking changes including the dramatic increase of neuron number, and the emergence of the tripartite brain with telencephalon, mid-hindbrain boundary. Gene duplication is a fundamental evolutionary process which can provide genetic materials for creating novel genes. To study the contribution of gene duplications in CNS evolution, we identified a group of CNS-biased genes that have experienced duplication during vertebrate origin. Their expression patterns in the vertebrate species, Xenopus, were investigated by whole mount in situ hybridization and compared with those of the ancestral genes in amphioxus, the invertebrate species most closely related to the vertebrates. Interestingly, we found that only a part of the CNS-biased duplicate genes exhibit relatively conserved expression patterns between Xenopus and amphioxus. A large proportion of vertebrate CNSbiased duplicate genes arise from non-CNS genes in invertebrates, via shifts or expansions of expression domains. In addition, although the genes identified are substantially expressed in the CNS, nearly all the Xenopus genes have evolved divergent expression patterns between the duplicates. All the changes of these genes could be the driven force of brain evolution. Amphioxus the invertebrate species most closely related to the vertebrates. The study of the regulatory genes and networks of the early developmental stages of amphioxus is important for developmental and evolutionary biology. In our study, we used digital gene expression-tag sequencing (DSAGE) sequenced 13 samples of mRNA from male and female adults and 11 early developmental stages embryos. And we also made a mixed-stages normalized cDNA library with were sequenced by new generation sequencing technology,454 and Solexa. All these data will be used for the further research of the genes and mechanisms of early embryo development.
语种中文
公开日期2013-04-25
内容类型学位论文
源URL[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7410]  
专题昆明动物研究所_发育生物学
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
陈源. 重复基因表达变化对脊椎动物中枢神经系统进化的影响及文昌鱼早期胚胎发育基因表达谱分析[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2010.
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