| 题名 | 丝绸之路经济带国际航空枢纽竞争力分析与战略发展研究——以乌鲁木齐机场为例 |
| 作者 | 吴文婕 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2015 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 张小雷 ; 杨兆萍 |
| 关键词 | 航空枢纽 竞争力 战略研究 丝绸之路经济带 乌鲁木齐机场 |
| 学位专业 | 理学博士 |
| 中文摘要 | 枢纽机场，从传统意义上的为区域经济发展提供空中交通保障的简单基础设施，逐渐转变为推动区域社会经济与产业发展及结构优化的重要驱动力。丝绸之路经济带是一个动态区域，其实质是我国实行向西开放的一项新战略。新疆是中国边疆治理和发展的重点区域，随着中央支持新疆跨越式发展的政策陆续出台，以及新疆作为丝绸之路经济带核心区的确立，乌鲁木齐机场已具备成为丝绸之路经济带国际航空枢纽的竞争力与潜力。本文对国内外大型枢纽机场案例进行分析，总结出国际航空枢纽形成与成功运营的经验和条件。以丝绸之路经济带为研究背景，本文综合考虑了国际航空枢纽应该具备的区域服务功能、国内及国际中转功能，以及机场发展现状、软硬件能力和潜力，所在城市、地区甚至国家未来的发展战略方向，选取22项涉及机场运营、承载力、区位、航线网络、腹地、基地航空公司以及机场临空经济等方面的竞争力指标，采取定型定量相结合的方法，构建国际航空枢纽竞争力指标评价体系，建立丝绸之路经济带国际航路枢纽理论评价体系。其中，采用专家打分法，确定定性指标的参考值，采用AHP法确定各项指标的平均权重以及样本机场的综合竞争力得分计算。此外，基于对丝绸之路经济带中间地带的关注，本文综合选取纳入丝绸之路经济带发展的西部及中亚17个样本机场进行综合评价，并根据竞争力优势度甄选出中国西部及中亚地区7大潜力机场。在此基础上，以乌鲁木齐机场为例，提出建立国际航空枢纽的“三大战略”，并进一步探讨丝绸之路经济带国际航空枢纽可行性、建立模式与临空产业布局，以期丰富和发展我国空港经济规划理论，为其他干线机场城市临空经济发展提供借鉴，远期为丝绸之路经济带跨区联合发展与合作提供有价值的参考。主要结论如下：（1）参考国内外关于枢纽机场的定义及等级划分，本文对国内外主要航空枢纽的形成背景、依托城市、发展规模、基地公司实力、特殊政策以及成功经营的模式进行全面的案例分析，总结出国际航空枢纽成功运营所具备的条件包括：突出的战略位置；客（货）源保障与中转市场；当地社区支持；完善的中转设施与高效的服务；基地航空公司的扶持、各部门的有利协作以及相关政策、法律的支持。（2）以国际航空枢纽竞争力与潜力评价为目标，运用特尔菲法与层次分析法，构建涉及机场区位、承载力、运营能力、基地实力、网络优势、腹地实力以及临空经济七个层面22个指标的国际航空枢纽竞争力评价指标体系，对样本机场进行评价分析后得出：成都、西安、重庆机场凭借优越的支线网络、强大的运营能力以及突出的腹地与临空经济，势必成为西南和中部未来区域的经济发展极。但限于深居内陆的区位劣势，国际航线航距远，市场开发受到一定牵制。昆明机场网络优势集中在华南地区，远期可定位为我国海上丝绸之路的国际枢纽。欧亚大陆中心节点的区位优势以及首都政治优势为阿拉木图与阿斯塔纳机场设施建设、腹地市场、基地实力以及航线拓展等方面提供诸多便利。但就国内经济发展、民航支线网络以及机场设施承载力等方面，乌鲁木齐机场竞争力优势更为突出。（3）基于连接欧亚大陆优越的航空区位优势与广阔的腹地辐射潜力，乌鲁木齐机场具备东联亚太、西牵中亚，辐射欧洲的中转、集散功能，通过政府政策支持、企业参与创新与民航跨境合作，未来可逐渐取代西安、成都、阿拉木图、阿斯塔纳等国内外枢纽机场在中亚、西亚、欧洲以及南亚等地的市场地位，成为欧洲、中西亚等地进入中国的门户枢纽与承接欧亚大陆“东进西出”或“西进东出”的中心枢纽以及中亚地区的国际物流中心与旅游集散中心。（4）通过对乌鲁木齐机场临空经济发展的必要性、可行性分析，本文提出乌鲁木齐机场临空经济区的四大发展模式；十大临空重点发展产业与临空经济区三大功能定位。乌鲁木齐临空经济区产业布局大体呈现“三个圈层”、“一条轴带”、“五个功能园区”的空间结构，作为支撑乌鲁木齐国际物流航空港与国际旅游集散港战略的重要产业群基础。 |
| 英文摘要 | Hub airport is no longer a simple local infrastructure which guarantees air transportation in its traditional sense, but more an important driver for social and economic development in the region. Silk Road Economic Belt is a dynamic area and represents a new strategy adopted by Chinese government to open up to Eurasia hinterland areas. Xinjiang is a key area in China with government focuses on. As the leapfrog development policy applied, Xinjiang has become to a functional core region of the Silk-road economic belt and the Urumqi airport boasts the prominent competitiveness and potential to be an international hub airport. The thesis investigated the formation conditions and successful operation experiences of several international hub airports from home and abroad. Under the background of Silk-road economic belt strategy, the thesis has comprehensively considered the regional service, domestic and international transfer functions of international aviation hubs, the current situation, the hardware and software capability and potential of the airports, and the city, region and even the country's future development strategy directions, and then it selected 22 related competitiveness indicators including airport operation, airport location, bearing capacity, hinterland, airport network, base airlines and airport economy and constructed the international aviation hub competitiveness index evaluation system and correspongding theory evaluation system by combining the quantitative and qualitative methods together. That is to say, the thesis uses Delphi method to determine the reference value of qualitative index, and uses AHP method to determine the average weight of the indicators and to calculate the comprehensive competitiveness scores of the sample airports. In addition, the thesis pays great attention to the middle zone of the Silk-Road Economic Belt, so it selected 17 sample airports in western and central Asia and carried on the comprehensive evaluation. According to the competitive advantage degree, it identified 7 potential airports. Then, it proposed three development strategies for establishing international hub airport of Urumqi airport, and further analyzed ite feasibility, building model and airport industry layout. The thesis tried to provide valuable reference to other airports and the future development and cooperation of Silk-road economic belt. The main research conclusions are as follow: (1) By referring to the definition and classification of hub airport at home and abroad, this thesis conducted comprehensive case analysis on hub airport from aspects of formation background, relying city, development scale, the base company power, special policies and successful business model and identified the successful operation experiences of these international hubs which included excellent strategic location, huge air freight market and transit demand, community support, perfect transfer facilities and service system, base airlines support, stable and coordinate department collaboration, loose policy and law environments. (2) In order to make evaluation of the international aviation hub competitiveness and potential, the thesis established an international hub airport competitiveness evaluation index system by using AHP method and Delphi method with seven levels and 22 indicators including airport location, bearing capacity, operation ability, base airline power, network advantage, hinterland power and airport economy. Out of the sample airports, Chengdu, Xi’an, Chongqing airports will inevitably become the economy development poles in the southwest and the central regions in the future in virtue of their superior regional network, powerful operation ability, hinterland and airport economy. However, due to the locational disadvantage of these airports, the international routes market development will be impeded by long distance to some extent. The network advantage of Kunming airport is concentrated in the south China, and it could be an international hub of the Maritime Silk-road economic belt in the future. Based on the location advantage of being the central node in Eurasia as well as the political advantage of being the country's capital, Almaty and Astana airports both have well developed a number of direct international flights to West Asia and Europe. But considering the development of domestic economy, feeder network of civil aviation and the carrying capacity of airport facilities, Urumqi Airport is more competitive. (3) By virtue of the superior air location advantage and the potential radiation of the vast hinterland, Urumqi airport is equipped with transfer and distribution function stretching from Asian-Pacific to central Asia, and further radianting to Europe. It will gradually gained the international air market of central Asia, west Asia, Europe and south Asia and become the gateway hub of China and the central hub of Eurasia as well as the international logistics center and tourist distributing center under the government's policy support, enterprise innovation and civil aviation cross-border cooperation in the future. (4) The thesis has proposed four development patterns, ten key developing industries and three function orientation for Urumqi international airport economic zone in terms of airport economic development necessity and feasibility analysis. Urumqi airport economic zone industrial layout in general has "three circles", "one belt", "five functional parks" which could assist implementing strategies of Urumqi international logistic hub airport and international tourism distribution port. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 学科主题 | 人文地理学 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/14934]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_研究系统_荒漠环境研究室 |
| 作者单位 | 中科院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 吴文婕. 丝绸之路经济带国际航空枢纽竞争力分析与战略发展研究——以乌鲁木齐机场为例[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学. 2015. |
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