合理施肥是促进足球场地草皮生长的有效方式,进而影响球场比赛质量,但施肥可能导致地表水及地下水质恶化,减少可饮用水资源。本文采用随机排列小区试验的方法,研究了矿物肥料、有机肥料、矿物-有机混合肥等3种肥料类型对草皮养分元素的流失及其地上、地下生物量的影响效果,并探讨了造成草皮对各肥料类型吸收利用率不同的主要原因。结果表明,①各肥料类型处理小区渗出物中N、P浓度均无显著性差异,且均显著低于相应元素的容许限;而3种肥料类型的K浓度都超过了环境容许限度,即施用K量超过草皮吸收利用的能力; ②植物可利用水量、土壤排水孔大小及渗透性的差异是导致各肥料类型处理小区渗出物中养分浓度差异的主要原因; ③不同肥料类型处理小区的根系密度(地下生物量)无显著差异,而草皮地上部分的生物量大小按照以下顺序排列:有机肥料处理>矿物肥料处理>矿物-有机肥处理,但差异不显著。

Applying fertilizer is an effective way to provide a dense turf growth,which has a great impact on a soccer game.However,the application of fertilizers can potentially lead to a reduction of the available water resource and the pollution of surface and ground water.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of three fertilizers types on nutrient leaching,and above and below ground biomass of turf grass.Small 2.5 × 1.9 m non-weighing lysimeters with artificial profile layering of coarse material underlying a 10 cm organic layer were treated with six doses of mineral,an organic and a mineral-organic fertilizer at a recommended rate of 170 kgN·hm~(-2), 55 kg P_2O_5·hm~(-2) (except 60 kg P_2O_5·hm~(- 2) for organic fertilizer), 170 kgK_2O·hm~(-2) each,and exposed to natural conditions prevailing in a temperate maritime climate from 6.91 ℃ to 14.21 ℃.The results indicated that: (i) the mean N and P concentrations measured in the leachate of the plots over the total measuring period were not significantly different over the fertilizer types,and the means were all significantly lower than the tolerance of 11.3 mg·L~(-1) for N and 2.183 mg·L~(-1) for P.In contrast,the mean K concentrations of the three fertilizer types were all higher than the maximum allowable limit 12 mg·L~(-1), indicating that the applied K content of three fertilizer types all exceeded the upper limit of turf grass.(ii) The difference of the plant available water content,the volume of drainage pores and the infiltration rates were the main reasons causing the difference of the nutrient concentrations in the leachate of the plots.(iii) The above and below ground biomasses(root density) of the turf grass were both not significantly different over the three fertilizer types.